城镇住房环境对老年人照料需求的影响分析

The Impact of the Urban Housing Environment on Care Needs of the Elderly

世界卫生组织强调,环境对于老年人功能的发挥具有重要作用。利用"第四次中国城乡老年人生活状况抽样调查"长表数据,分析城镇老年人的家庭住房环境对其照料需求的影响因素。研究发现,住房环境会影响老年人是否需要得到他人照料。控制老年人的躯体功能状况和社会人口经济特征后,住房面积狭小以及没有室内厕所两个因素显著增加老年人需要照料的可能性。当前,在推进城市更新、老旧小区改造的背景下,应充分认识住房环境对于促进老年人功能发挥、独立生活及减少照料依赖的重要意义。建议将家庭住房适老化改造纳入老旧小区改造工程规划及长期照护制度顶层设计方案中,加强老年人需求精准化研究,完善住房福利政策,以推进老年友好环境建设。

The World Health Organization emphasized that the environment played an important role in the functional ability of the elderly.We used the long table data of the Fourth Sample Survey on the Living Conditions of China’s Urban and Rural Older Persons to analyze the influence of the housing environment of the urban elderly on their care needs,and found that the environment can affect whether the elderly need to be cared for.After controlling the physical function and socio-economic characteristics of the elderly,we saw that small living space and lack of indoor lavatories significantly increased the likelihood of care needs of the elderly.Against the background of urban renewal and renovation of old communities,the importance of housing environment in promoting functional ability,independent living and reduced care dependence of the elderly should be fully recognized.It is therefore suggested that the creation of a living environment suitable for the elderly be incorporated into both renovation of old communities and the top-level design of the long-term care system in China,targeted research on needs of the elderly be strengthened,and housing welfare policies be improved,to promote the building of an age-friendly environment.