风化壳淋积型稀土矿稀土浸取剂的研究进展与展望

Research Progress on the Rare Earth Leaching Agents of Weathered Crust Elution-deposited Rare Earth Ore

风化壳淋积型稀土矿中的稀土主要以离子的形式吸附在黏土矿物上,可采用盐类电解质溶液作为浸取液提取稀土。为实现稀土的绿色高效浸取,稀土浸取剂不断改进。本文主要阐述了浸取剂在助渗、抑杂、防膨以及少铵或无铵浸取等方面的研究进展,指出了现有浸取剂研究中存在的一些不足,提出了进一步加强助渗、抑杂、防膨等机理的研究,加强浸取剂残留对环境影响的研究,筛选能同时满足多种浸取需求的浸取剂是今后主要的研究方向。

The rare earths in the weathered crust elution-deposited rare earth ore are mainly adsorbed on the clay minerals in the form of rare earth ions, and they can be extracted by using the salt electrolyte solution as the leaching solution. In order to achieve green and efficient leaching of rare earths, the leaching agents have been continuously improved. This article mainly described the research progress of leaching agents in the aspects of assisting seepage, inhibiting impurities, preventing swelling, and leaching with less or no ammonium. It also pointed out some shortcomings in the research of existing leaching agents. The main research directions in the future are to further strengthen the research on the mechanisms of assisting seepage, impurity suppression, and anti-swelling, strengthen the research on the environmental impact of residues of the leaching agent, and select the leaching agent that can meet multiple requirements for extraction at the same time.