mRNA疫苗及其作用机制的研究进展

Progress in research on mRNA vaccine and its mechanism

目前,重症急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2(severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2,SARS-CoV-2)引起的新型冠状病毒病(Corona Virus Disease 2019,COVID-19)仍在全球迅速蔓延,给人类生活带来了巨大的健康隐患和经济负担,接种疫苗是预防和控制该病毒传播的重要途径。mRNA疫苗是将含有编码抗原蛋白的mRNA导入人体,直接进行翻译,形成相应的抗原蛋白,从而诱导机体产生特异性免疫应答,达到预防免疫的作用。mRNA疫苗是继灭活疫苗、减毒活疫苗、亚单位疫苗和病毒载体疫苗后的第三代疫苗,具有针对病原体变异反应速度快、生产工艺简单、易规模化扩大等特点。本文就mRNA疫苗的免疫学特性、分子设计、递送系统、安全性的研究进展及其相应机制作一综述。

At present,Corona Virus Disease 2019(COVID-19)caused by SARS-CoV-2 still spreads worldwide,bring great health risk and economic burden.Vaccination is an important measure to prevent and control the spread.The m RNA vaccines introduce the mRNAs encoding antigen protein into human body and translate directly to form the corresponding antigen protein thus induce specific immune response.As one of the nucleic acid vaccines of the third generation after inactivated vaccine,live attenuated vaccine,subunit vaccine and viral carrier vaccine,m RNA vaccines have characteristics of rapid response to pathogen variation,simple production process and easy scale expansion.This reviews the progress in research on immunological characteristics,molecular design,delivery system and safety as well as the relevant mechanisms.