预防与治理:新西兰中小学数字鸿沟弥合实践探析

Prevention and Governance:A Study on Narrowing Digital Divide in New Zealand Primary and Secondary Schools

21世纪初期新西兰中小学完成校内数字接入环境建设后,校内出现以"数字欺凌"为表征的数字鸿沟。为弥合中小学数字鸿沟,新西兰提出"预防—治理"弥合实践框架,框架围绕"数字技能教育"和"数字技术管理"两类主题展开。在"预防框架"部分,学生通过数字联盟建设、数字公民学习和数字技术能力考试三项举措,提高数字技能与伦理水平。教师通过预估校内数字风险、预设校内数字欺凌事件治理路径和预设多元主体协同管理机制三项举措,提高数字技术管理能力。在"治理框架"部分,围绕校内数字鸿沟突出结果"数字欺凌"为主题,以循证实践方法构建教育治理路径。校内数字鸿沟弥合框架旨在以预防性措施缩小校内数字鸿沟,以治理性措施应对校内数字鸿沟中的数字欺凌,弥合框架的最终目标是发展师生数字技术和数字伦理的动态平衡,促进数字原住民学生和数字原住民教师向拥有数字流畅的数字公民转化。

In the early 21st century,digital divide,which characterized by cyberbullying,appeared in New Zealand primary and secondary schools.In order to narrow the digital divide,New Zealand proposes a prevention and governance narrowing framework,which focuses on two themes:digital skills education and digital technology management.In the prevention framework,students improve their digital skills and ethics through three initiatives:Digital group,digital citizenship lesson and digital technology skills test.In order to improve the ability of digital technology management,teachers have taken three measures:Predicting digital risk,designing governance path and building multi-agent coordination management committee.The governance framework is focusing on cyberbullying,building an educational governance path which is evidence-based practice.The framework of the digital divide in schools aims to narrow the divide through preventive measures and to response to the cyberbullying through governance measures.The ultimate goal of the narrowing framework is to balance the digital technology skills and ethics and to promote the teachers and students to become digital citizens with the high digital tecnlogy skills.