贵州晴隆大厂锑矿尾矿(渣)潜在资源量与环境污染评价

Assessment of potential resources and environmental pollution in tailings (slag) of Dachang antimony mine from Qinglong County, Guizhou Province

为了解贵州晴隆大厂锑矿尾矿(渣)潜在资源量和环境污染情况,对大厂锑矿尾矿(渣)分布及堆存情况进行资料调研和实地调查,测定分析了尾矿(渣)及周围表层土壤中Pb、Zn、As、Sb、Cr、Cu、Ni、Cd和Hg等重金属含量和土壤pH值等指标。结果显示晴隆大厂锑矿尾矿(渣)锑的潜在资源量可达2.97万t,并伴生金583kg。晴隆大厂锑矿尾矿(渣)堆周围表层土壤pH平均值为4.74,属于酸性土壤;且研究区表层土壤重金属As和Sb受到了明显的污染,Cu、Zn和Cd可能受到一定程度的污染。此外,利用单因子污染指数法、内梅罗综合污染评价法和地累积指数法,对该区尾矿(渣)附近的表层土壤中重金属污染状况进行综合评价,均说明研究区表层土壤受到明显污染的重金属为Sb和As。建议考虑对该区尾矿(渣)中金属Sb和Au进行资源回收利用,这不但能达到变废为宝的目的,还能对尾矿(渣)进行减量化处理,减少其对周围环境产生的影响。

To understand the potential resources and contamination of the antimony tailings(slag), there were investigated to the distribution and accumulation of tailings(slag), and was carried out a field investigation in Dachang antimony mine, Qinglong country, Guizhou province. We were determined and analyzed the contents of heavy metals(i.e., Pb, Zn, As, Sb, Cr, Cu, Ni, Cd, and Hg) in tailings(slag) and their surrounding surface soil and the soil pH values. The results show that the potential resource of antimony and aurum can respectively reach 29700 t and 583 kg in Dachang antimony mine, Qinglong country, Guizhou province. The average value of pH in the surface soil around the tailings(slag) pile is 4.74 in the research area, which belongs to acidic soil. And the heavy metals As and Sb of the surface soil in the study area are polluted, and Cu, Zn, and Cd may be contaminated to a certain extent. In addition, the single factor pollution index method, numero comprehensive pollution evaluation method, and accumulation index method were used to comprehensively evaluate the pollution status of heavy metals in the surface soil near the tailings(slag) in this research area. Their results all showed that the heavy metal contamination in the surface soil in the study area was Sb and As. Therefore, there should be considered into the resource recovery and utilization of metal Sb and Au in the tailings(slag) in the research area. It could not only achieve the purpose of turning waste into treasure but also reduce the tailings(slag) and reduce their impact on the surrounding environment.