过渡时期的高校治理模式——复旦大学校务委员会(1949-1952年)研究

School Governing Model in the Transition Period--A Study on the School Council of Fudan University(1949-1952)

校务委员会(1949—1952年)是中华人民共和国成立初期复旦大学的过渡性治校机构,也是众多有代表性的同类机构之一。基于复旦大学校务委员会会议记录和其他相关校史史料,笔者剖析了该机构在成员结构、职责权限、决策机制和运作状况等方面的特征。复旦大学校务委员会的实践,体现了中国共产党非嵌入式领导下进步师生主导的民主治校模式,具备新民主主义的性质。校务委员会既对过渡时期复旦大学的接管、改造与治理起到了积极作用,也在实际运作中面临着效率不彰、组织膨胀等问题。随着高校改造与治理工作的深入,在全面学习苏联经验的背景下,复旦大学的校务委员会制最终于1952年成为历史。正是在这一过程中,党和新政权谨慎探索与调适着高校管理政策。

The School Council of Fudan University(SCFU,1949-1952)was the transitional governing institution of Fudan University in the early days after the founding of the People's Republic of China.It was also one of the many representative School Councils established during the transition period.Based on the meeting minutes of SCFU and other relevant historical materials,we analyze the characteristics of the institution in terms of its member structure,responsibility and authority,decision-making mechanism and operation status.The practice of SCFU embodies the democratic governance model under the non-embedded leadership of the Communist Party of China(CPC),which is dominated by progressive teachers and students,and has the nature of New Democracy.On the one hand,SCFU played a positive role in the takeover,transformation and governance of Fudan University in the transition period.On the other hand,it also faced problems such as inefficiency and organizational expansion in the actual operation.With the deepening of the reform and governance of colleges,under the circumstance of learning the experience of USSR comprehensively,SCFU finally disappeared in 1952.It was in this process that CPC and the new regime carefully explore and adjust the management policy of colleges.