史密森学会年报工作的百年实践及其启示

The Centennial Practices and Enlightenment of the Annual Reports of Smithsonian Institution

史密森学会编制年度报告已有百年传统,工作严谨、范式成熟,可供中国公共文化机构借鉴与参考。文章将史密森学会自1846年成立至2019年的年度报告作为研究素材,通过内容分析法考察了其编制理念、构成要素、统计数据、格式设计等,以此呈现其变迁情况与发展路径。研究发现,历史上史密森学会年报出现了3个不同系列,其编制理念从"公开"逐渐发展到"营销",其编制工作日益重视面向公众。文章还探讨了史密森学会年报给我国相关工作的启示:坚持长期编制,保障公开获取;推进动态调整,发掘营销功能;留存核心资料,构建历史坐标。

Smithsonian Institution’s annual reports have centuries of history,which is rigorous and normative and can be used for reference by public cultural institutions in China.The paper takes the annual reports of Smithsonian Institution from 1846,when it was established,to 2019 as research subject,adopts content analysis,and carries out the research from four aspects,namely,compilation concept,constituent elements,statistical information and design format,so as to revealing the changes and development path.It is found that the annual reports gradually progress in three stages,with the compilation concept developing from "disclosure" to "marketing",whereas more attention being paid to the public.The paper also sums up the experience of Smithsonian Institution and discusses the enlightenment brought to the related work of China:1) persisting with compilation in long-term,ensuring open access;2) promoting dynamic adjustment,exploring marketing function;and 3) saving core materials,constructing historical coordinate system.