小麦替代玉米对育肥猪生长性能、养分消化、肉品质及经济效益的影响

Effects of wheat substitution for corn on growth performance,nutrient digestion,meat quality and economic benefit of finishing pigs

文章旨在评估日粮添加不同水平小麦替代玉米对育肥猪生长性能、养分消化、肉品质及增重饲料成本的影响。试验将720头初始体重为(54.60±0.88)kg的105 d商品育肥猪随机分为4组,每组6个重复,每个重复30头猪。各组分别饲喂小麦水平为0、20%、40%和60%的日粮,试验共开展8周。结果:与对照组相比,60%小麦组1~56 d平均日采食量显著降低0.86%(P<0.05)。40%小麦组较60%小麦组育肥猪29~56 d和1~56 d平均日增重分别显著提高15.31%和11.69%(P<0.05)。对照组和40%小麦组育肥猪29~56 d料重比显著低于其他两组(P<0.05),40%小麦组育肥猪1~56 d料重比显著低于20%和60%小麦组(P<0.05)。对照组育肥猪氮沉积量和粗灰分表观消化率较60%小麦组分别显著提高6.06%和24.90%(P<0.05)。60%小麦组胸肌蒸煮损失较对照组和40%小麦组分别显著提高15.76%和16.51%(P<0.05)。结论:在本研究条件下,综合考虑生长性能、养分消化、肉品质及增重饲料成本,育肥猪后期日粮中小麦的适宜添加水平为40%。

The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of different dietary supplementation of wheat instead of maize on growth performance,nutrient digestion,meat quality and feed cost for weight gain of finishing pigs.A total of 720 commercial finishing pigs with an initial body weight of 54.60±0.88 kg at 105 d were randomly divided into 4 groups with 6 replicates per group and 30 pigs per replicate.Each group was fed 0,20%,40%and 60%wheat level diets,respectively.The experiment lasted for 8 weeks.Results:Compared with the control group,the 1~56 d daily feed intake in 60%wheat group was significantly decreased by 0.86%(P<0.05).Compared with 60%wheat group,the average daily gain of finishing pigs in 40%wheat group was significantly increased by 15.31%and 11.69%on 29~56 d and 1~56 d,respectively(P<0.05).The feed/gain of finishing pigs in control group and 40%wheat group at 29~56 d was significantly lower than that in the other two groups(P<0.05),and the feed/gain of finishing pigs in 40%wheat group at 1~56 d was significantly lower than that in 20%and 60%wheat groups(P<0.05).Compared with 60%wheat group,nitrogen deposition and apparent ash digestibility of finishing pigs in control group were significantly increased by 6.06%and 24.90%(P<0.05),respectively.Compared with control group and 40%wheat group,the cooking loss of thoracic muscle in 60%wheat group was significantly increased by 15.76%and 16.51%(P<0.05).Conclusions:Under the conditions of this study,considering the growth performance,nutrient digestion,meat quality and feed cost for weight gain,the appropriate supplemental level of wheat in the late diet of finishing pigs is 40%.