什么影响了博士生的学术热情变化:读博动机、师生关系还是院系培养?--基于2019年Nature全球博士生调查的实证分析

What Affects the Change in the Academic Enthusiasm of Doctoral Students:Ph.D.Motivation,Teacher-student Relationship or Departmental Training?--Based on the Empirical Analysis of the 2019 Nature Global Doctoral Student Survey

学术热情是影响博士生培养质量的关键要素,根据魏斯曼的博士生专业社会化理论模型,认为博士生学术热情的变化是个体、导师和组织三重因素作用下的结果。基于《Nature》杂志2019年针对全球6812名博士生的调查数据,运用多分类Logistic回归方法,从读博动机、师生关系和院系培养三个方面探讨了博士生学术热情变化的影响因素。研究发现:第一,读博动机对学术热情具有显著影响,秉持学术动机的博士生更容易维持或提升学术热情;第二,不同师生关系下的博士生学术热情具有显著差异,师生关系愈和谐愈能维持或提升博士生的学术热情;第三,院系培养质量越高,愈容易提升博士生学术热情;第四,博士生学术热情变化的影响因素,按程度排序为:师生关系>读博动机>院系培养。因此,要突出导师在立德树人中的关键角色。加强招生选拔中对博士生入学动机的考量,提升培养单位的整体学术氛围,将成为博士生教育改革的重要方向。

Academic enthusiasm is a key element that affects the quality of doctoral students'training.According to Weissmann's theoretical model of professional socialization of doctoral students,it is believed that the change of academic enthusiasm of doctoral students is the result of three factors,such as individuals,mentors and organizations.Based on the survey data of 6,812 doctoral students from around the world in Nature in 2019,the multi-class logistic regression method was used to explore the influencing factors of the changes in the academic enthusiasm of doctoral students from three aspects:Ph.D.motivation,teacher-student relationship,and department training.The research found that:First,the motivation to read a Ph.D.has a significant impact on academic enthusiasm,and doctoral students with academic motivation are more likely to maintain or enhance academic enthusiasm.Second,there are significant differences in the academic enthusiasm of doctoral students under different teacher-student relations.The more harmonious the teacher-student relationship,the more it can maintain or enhance the academic enthusiasm of doctoral students.Third,the higher the quality of faculty and department training,the easier it is to increase the academic enthusiasm of doctoral students.Fourth,the influencing factors of the changes in the academic enthusiasm of doctoral students are ranked as follows:teacher-student relationship>motivation for Ph.D.>training by department.Therefore,strengthening the key role of tutors in talent training,considering the motivation of doctoral students for admission,and improving the overall academic atmosphere of the training unit will become an important direction for doctoral education reform.