共有著作权行使规则之检讨与完善--兼评新《著作权法》第14条之规定

Review and Perfection of the Exercise Rules of Co-ownership Copyright--Comment on Article 14 of the New Copyright Law

著作权共有通常包括两种类型,即合作作者著作权共有与非合作作者著作权共有。修订前的《著作权法》第13条和《著作权法实施条例》第9条为合作作者行使共有著作权规则。立法未对非合作作者共有著作权的行使规则进行规定,司法实践中,相关案件的处理,一般类推适用《著作权法实施条例》第9条。基于典型司法案例分析,可知修订前的《著作权法》第13条、《著作权法实施条例》第9条在司法适用时存在诸多问题,出现非合作作者行使共有著作权无法可依,著作权共有人阻止其他共有人许可或不当许可他人使用作品等滥用权利的现象。重构共有著作权行使规则,需要在新《著作权法》第14条中植入权利自由与权利限制并重的理念,以“通知权利人”为适用规则的前提条件,建构“善意许可制度”限定权利行使的方式和范围,在制度上为其他共有人提供权利救济,同时增加非合作作者行使共有著作权可参照适用新《著作权法》第14条的规定。

Copyright co-ownership usually includes two types,namely,co-author copyright co-ownership and non-co-author copyright co-ownership.Article 13 of the current Copyri ght Law and Article 9 of the Implementation Regulations of the Copyright Law exercise the common copyright rules for co-authors.Legislation does not stipulate the rules for exercising the copyright shared by non-cooperative authors.In judicial practice,Article 9 of the Regulations for the Implementation of the Copyright Law is generally applied to the handling of relevant cases by analogy.Based on the analysis of typical judicial cases,it can be seen that there are many problems in the judicial app lication of Article 13 of the Copyright Law and Article 9 of th e Regulations for the Implementation of the Copyright Law,such as the phenomenon that non-cooperative authors can't exercise their shared copyright,and the copyright co-owners prevent other co-owners from licensing or improperly licensing others to use their works.To reconstruct the rules of exercising shared copyright,it is necessary to implant the idea of equal emphasis on rights freedom and rights restriction in Article 14 of the new Copyright Law,take"informing the right holder"as the precondition of applying the rules,construct a"goodwill licensing system"to limit the way and scope of exercising rights,and provide right s relief for other co-owners in the system.At the same time,increasing the number of non-cooperative authors exercising shared copyright can refer to the provisions of Article 14 of the new Copyright Law.