基于物联网的山洪灾害监测技术研发初探

System Development and Mode Construction of Mountain Torrents Disaster Monitoring Technology Based on Internet of Things technology

山洪灾害监测体系是非工程措施建设的重要组成,是致灾机理研究、风险评估和预警发布的基础。基于物联网技术,研发山洪多要素(降水、流速/水位、土壤含水量)微纳感知传感器和广域覆盖自组网技术,并以丹江口官山河流域为示范,构建山洪灾害监测技术体系。研究旨在构建适用于山区复杂环境的山洪监测体系,提供实时稳定的山洪灾害多要素监测数据,提高应急抢险应对处置时效性和防灾救灾能力。

Mountain torrents disaster monitoring system is an important component of non-structure measuring in mountain torrents disaster prevention, and is also the basis for disaster occur mechanism, risk assessment and prewarning information release. The current monitoring method mainly depends on automatic stations, and the data transfer mean mainly depends on public network. The problems such as monitoring devices is expensive to be updated, and the data transfer system is easily to be interrupt makes misstatement and missing report of monitoring data, which leads to improving timeliness of disaster pre-warning. The study develops multiple mountain torrents disaster factors(precipitation, velocity/water level, soil moisture content) monitoring sensor and widely area overlay Ad Hoc Network technology based on micro nano sensing and Internet of things. And the developed technical system is also applied in a demonstrative basin of Danjiangkou City. The aims of this study are to provide mountain torrents disaster monitoring system which can be applied in complex mountain environment, and to provide real-time and stable monitoring data to improve the disaster handle prescription and disaster prevention and relief capability.