大数据时代隐私权的刑法保护路径探究——以位置信息的隐私风险为切入

Exploration on the Path of Criminal Law Protection of Privacy in the Era of Big Data——Taking the Privacy Risk of Location Information as the Starting Point

位置信息作为一种新型生产要素具有广泛的应用,“基于位置服务”包含多种用途,其隐私极易受到公权力以及企业的侵犯。由于位置信息具备敏感性和价值性之特征,所以其必然属于公民隐私权的客体范围。由于大数据时代隐私权的含义和范畴均产生了变化,因此现行刑法业已无法对其提供合适的保障措施,并逐渐凸显出了现行刑法之规定存在对隐私权缺乏直接保护、对个人信息和个人隐私不加以区分和对隐私权的提前保护不足等问题。为了切实保障公民隐私权,弥补现行刑法对其保障的不足,应当设立隐私权刑法保护的专属罪名即侵犯公民个人隐私罪,并对个人信息和个人隐私进行区分保护,更应当设立抽象危险犯以预防隐私权被侵害之风险,从而走出隐私权刑法保护的应然路径。

As a new factor of production,location information has a wide range of applications,and "location-based service" also contains a variety of uses.However,its privacy is easily infringed by public power and enterprises.Because location information has the characteristics of sensitivity and value,it must belong to the object scope of citizen privacy right.Due to the changes in the meaning and scope of privacy in the era of big data,the current criminal law has been unable to provide appropriate safeguard measures for privacy,and gradually highlighted the problems such as the lack of direct protection of privacy,the lack of distinction between personal information and privacy,and the insufficient protection of privacy in advance.In order to protect citizens’ right to privacy,make up for the inadequacy of the current criminal law on the protection,exclusive charges shall establish a privacy protection of the criminal law the infringement of citizens’ personal privacy,and to distinguish between personal information and privacy protection,shall establish a more abstract dangerous crimes in order to prevent the risk of privacy infringement,to get out of the privacy protection of the criminal law ought to be the path.