通假字的畛域探析

An Exploration of the Boundary of Borrowed Words

通假字是汉字学研究的重要内容之一,其与几类相关语言现象的畛域一直是学界重点讨论的问题。通过梳理学界关于通假字与假借字、古今字、同源字、异体字、繁简字间关系研究的成果,发现通假字与上述字际关系既有区别又有联系。通假字与假借字的主要区别在于借用时是否存在本字,对通假字与假借字进行严格区分有利于汉字学术语的使用朝着科学化、细致化方向迈进;通假字与同源字、异体字、繁简字、古今字各属不同系统、有着不同判定标准、提出的角度各异,因此,通假字与古今字、同源字、异体字、繁简字并不是处于同一平面的、互不相容的关系,而是具有立体性、多维化、互动式特点的关系。

Borrowed Word is one of the most important elements in the study of Chinese characters,and its boundary with several related linguistic phenomena has been a key issue of discussion in academic circles.The research results on the relationship between borrowed words and loangraph,ancient and modern words,cognate graph,variant characters and traditional and simplified characters have been reviewed and found to be both different and related.The main difference between borrowed words and loangraph lies in the existence of the etymological character when borrowed,and a strict distinction between borrowed words and loangraph is conducive to the scientific and meticulous development of Chinese terminology;borrowed words and ancient and modern words,cognate graph,variant characters and traditional and simplified characters belong to different systems,have different criteria for judgement,and are proposed from different perspectives.The relationship between borrowed words and ancient and modern words,cognate graph,variant characters and traditional and simplified characters is not one that is incompatible with each other on the same plane,but a multidimensional,three-dimensional and interactive one.