八段锦源流考辩

On Origin of Baduanjin Exercise

梳理八段锦的古文献记录,对八段锦的源流和演变进行阐述和探讨。八段锦的部分动作模式可以上溯至南北朝时期;其首次见于记载的是晋代葛洪的《神仙传》。八段锦在宋代有了较大的发展和扩大,出现了坐式和立式的分化。时人以坐式养心,立式修身。晚晴时期,八段锦以立式为主,形式与今日几近相同。其在民国时期分为南北两派,并在新中国成立后有了更好的继承和发扬。经分析认为,八段锦的动作并非天然如此;其在演变过程中,部分变化是受到了医学以外因素的影响,在练习时不必盲从、死守一些要求。

The article summarizes ancient records about Baduanjin exercise,and discusses the origin and developments of Baduanjin exercise.Some postures and motions of Baduanjin originated from Nan-Bei Dynasty,and were initially recorded in Shenxianzhuan(Biography of Immortals)by Gehong in Jin Dynasty.Baduanjin was greatly developed in Song Dynasty,during which it was divided into sitting posture and standing posture.The former was used for nourishing the mind and spirit,while the latter was for body well-being.Baduanjin posture in late Qing Dynasty was basically the standing posture,which was identical to postures today.It was further divided into southern style and northern style in the Republic of China era,and was well-developed after the establishment of the People's Republic of China.So the action patterns in Baduanjin are not fixed,and some moves are influenced by non-medical factors.It is not necessary for practicers to rigidly follow all the moves of Baduanjin exercise.