《史记》谚语之哲理意蕴探微

On the Philosophical Implication of Proverbs in Historical Records

司马迁在《史记》中对谚语的运用增强了文章的说理性和艺术性。提倡君臣之间的平等与尊重,而非互相猜忌、迫害,如“将顺其美,匡救其恶,故上下能相亲也”等;警示人们要注重事物发展,寻找正确的方法,如“千金之裘,非一狐之腋”等;劝诫人们与人交往要衡量客观与主观方面,如“鉴于水者见面之容,鉴于人者知吉与凶”等;提倡追求以物质为基础建立上层建筑,如“仓廪实而知礼节,衣食足而知荣辱”;居安思危,维护社会稳定发展,如“物盛则衰,时极而转,一质一文,终始之变也”。说理性与趣味性相结合,同时也增添抒情性和批判性,具有深刻的思想意义,流传后世具有警示作用,值得人们去学习研究。

Sima Qian’s use of proverbs in Historical Records enhanced the reasoning and artistry of the articles.It advocates equality and respect between Kings and ministers,instead of mutual suspicion and persecution.For example,“the upper and lower levels can make friends with each other because they will follow their beauty and correct their evils.”It warns people to pay attention to the development of things and find the correct methodology,such as“a coat of a thousand gold is not the armpit of a fox”.It exhorts people to weigh the objective and subjective aspects when interacting with others,for example,“in view of the appearance of meeting water is equal to be in view of the knowledge of good and evil”.It advocates the pursuit of superstructure based on the material,such as“knowing the etiquette when the granaries are full,while knowing the honor and disgrace when they have enough food and clothing”.In times of peace and stability,it is to maintain social stability and development,such as“When things are prosperous,they will decline.When times are extreme,they will turn around.When there is one quality and one article,it will change from beginning to end.”They are the combination of reasoning and fun,but also the addition of lyricism and criticism.They are of a profound ideological significance,handed down to later generations a warning effect,and worth of studying.