南亚热带景观湖泊水、湿生植物筛选研究(Ⅰ)——水、湿生植物丰富度与多样性

Screening of aquatic and wet plant in south subtropical landscape lakes(Ⅰ)——Richness and diversity of aquatic and wet plants

为了给开发利用景观湖泊水岸湿地水、湿生植物提供技术支撑,2019年夏秋季在广东省境内选择5个景观湖泊水岸湿地作为调查样地,实地调查水、湿生植物种类及其数量,并测定物种多样性。共查得22科38属47种水湿生植物,包含26种挺水、12种浮叶和9种沉水植物,其中水鳖科和禾本科为优势科,睡莲科、天南星科、雨久花科和莎草科是常见科,单属科和单种属植物比例较高。结果表明:广东省湖泊水岸湿地的水、湿生植物种类组成较丰富,种的丰富度指数、生态优势度指数和物种多样性指数沿样地Ⅰ至Ⅴ顺序递减,均匀度指数则呈递增趋势;变化趋势与景观湖泊水岸湿地开发利用、生态修复、原生植被保存等状况密切相关。

In order to provide technical support for the development and utilization of aquatic and hygrophytic plants in waterfront wetlands of landscape lakes,five waterfront wetlands of landscape lakes were selected as the survey plots in Guangdong Province in summer and autumn of 2019.The species and quantitative composition of aquatic and wet plants,together with species diversity,were surveyed.A total of 47 species belonging to 38 genera and 22 families were found,including 26 emergent plants,12 floating leaf plants,and 9 submerged plants.Among them,Hydrocharitaceae and Gramineae were the dominant families,while Nymphaeaceae,Araceae,Pontederiaceae and Cyperaceae were the common families,with high proportion of plants belonging to single-genera families and single-species genera.The results showed that the species composition of aquatic and wet plants in the lakeshore wetlands of Guangdong Province was relatively rich.Species richness index,ecological dominance index,and species diversity index decreased in the order of plotⅠto V while the evenness index showed an increasing trend;the differences among plots were closely related to the development and utilization of waterfront wetlands of landscape lakes,ecological restoration,and preservation of native vegetation.