论网络游戏直播对游戏画面的合理使用

On the Fair Use of the Online Game Screen in Live Game Streaming

在网络游戏直播产业中,对游戏画面的著作权合理使用认定是各利益方最关心的问题,但理论界与实务界对此存有分歧。完善我国网络游戏合理使用的认定规则,可以从如下方面入手:首先,认定网络游戏直播构成合理使用的前提是网络游戏画面具有可版权性以及网络游戏直播是实质性使用游戏画面的行为;其次,认定网络游戏直播是否构成合理使用时,较之美国版权法上的四要素标准和伯尔尼公约中的三步检测法,转换性使用更适合作为认定网络游戏直播合理使用的判定标准;最后,我国著作权法中应进一步明确转换性使用规则,同时在司法实践中,应从游戏画面被使用的方式、玩家使用的意图以及直播游戏观众的反映等多维度考量转换性使用的具体适用情形。

In the online game live broadcasting industry,the identification of fair use of game screen copyright is the most concerned issue of all stakeholders,but there are differences between the theoretical and practical circles.To improve the rules of fair use of online games in China,we can start from the following aspects:firstly,the premise of fair use of online game live broadcasting is that the online game screen has copyright and the online game live broadcasting is the behavior of substantive use of game screen;Secondly,compared with the four elements standard in the United States copyright law and the three-step detection method in the Berne Convention,transformational use is more suitable for determining the fair use of live online games;Finally,the rules of transformational use should be further clarified in China's copyright law,at the same time,in the judicial practice,we should consider the specific application of transformational use from multiple dimensions,such as the way the game screen is used,the intention of the players to use it,and the reflection of the live game audience.