荷斯坦奶牛不同生长阶段异常行为发生情况分析

Analysis of Abnormal Behavior in Holstein Cows at Different Growth Stages

该试验旨在研究不同生长阶段荷斯坦奶牛群异常行为的发生情况,并分析其发生率以及产生差异的原因,以期为后续减少奶牛异常行为提供新的思路和有效实践。在长江以北地区选择5家不同规模的奶牛场进行实地调研。在每家牛场,分别选出1个断奶犊牛、育成牛、泌乳牛群进行观察,每天定时观测8次,每个牛群每次观测15 min,连续观测3 d,对有异常行为的奶牛进行记录统计。结果表明:异食、过度自我梳理、相互梳理、咳嗽和相互吮吸发生率,断奶犊牛极显著高于育成牛(P<0.01),育成牛又极显著高于泌乳牛(P<0.01);卷舌和蹭痒发生率断奶犊牛与育成牛差异不显著(P>0.05),但极显著高于泌乳牛(P<0.01);断奶犊牛、育成牛和泌乳牛之间的晃头及喊叫发生率差异不显著(P>0.05)。综上所述,荷斯坦奶牛部分异常行为发生率由断奶犊牛经育成牛到泌乳牛呈现明显的递减规律。

The purpose of this experiment was to investigate the occurrence of abnormal behavior of Holstein dairy herds in different growth stages,and to analyze the incidence and causes of the differences,in order to provide ideas for the subsequent exploration on reducing the abnormal behavior of dairy cows.Five dairy farms of different scales were selected in the north of the Yangtze River for field investigation.One herd of weaned calves,one herd of growing cow and a herd of lactating cow were selected for observation in each cattle farm.Each herd was regularly observed 8 times a day for 15 minutes each time for three consecutive days.The abnormal behavior of dairy cows was recorded and counted.The results showed that the incidence of citta,excessive grooming,cross grooming,cough and cross sucking in weaned calves was significantly higher than that in growing cows(P<0.01),and that in growing cows was significantly higher than that in lactating cows(P<0.01);The incidence of tongue rolling and scratching in weaned calves was not significantly different from that in growing cows(P>0.05),but it was significantly higher than that in lactating cows(P<0.01).There was no significant difference in the incidence of head shaking and yelling among weaned calves,growing cows and lactating cows(P>0.05).In conclusion,the incidence of some abnormal behaviors in Holstein cows decreased significantly from weaned calves to lactating cows,then to growing cows.