文昌地区围产期出生缺陷现状及影响先天性缺陷的危险因素分析

Analysis of perinatal birth defects and risk factors of congenital defects in Wenchang

【目的】探讨文昌地区围产期出生缺陷现状及影响因素分析。【方法】选取2020年1月至12月在我院与文昌市人民医院住院分娩的孕妇3584例,分析新生儿出生缺陷发生情况;同时选取分娩先天性缺陷新生儿的孕母81例(病例组),按照1颐3配对比例选取分娩健康新生儿的孕母243例作为照组,分析两组临床资料差异。【结果】3584例产妇中,出生缺陷发生率为2.26%,其中先天性心脏病比例最高,占41.98%,其次为多指/趾,占24.69%;不同地区、妊娠数目产妇出生缺陷发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);年龄≥35岁产妇出生缺陷发生率为3.69%,明显高于年龄<35岁产妇(P<0.05);病例组母亲年龄≥35岁比例、母亲孕前BMI≥24 kg/m^(2)比例、母亲孕期吸烟或被动吸烟比例、母亲孕期饮酒比例、母亲孕期化妆或染指甲等比例分别为30.86%、50.62%、44.44%、25.93%和41.98%,明显高于对照组(P<0.05);Logistic回归分析结果显示:母亲年龄、孕前BMI、母亲孕期吸烟或被动吸烟、母亲孕期化妆或染指甲等是发生出生缺陷的影响因素(OR=1.723、1.842、2.273和1.425,P<0.05)。【结论】文昌地区新生儿出生缺陷类型主要以先天性心脏病、多指/趾为主,其发生受到母亲年龄、BMI、孕期吸烟或被动吸烟、孕期化妆或染指甲等的影响。

【Objective】To explore the status of perinatal birth defects in Wenchang area and analyze the influencing factors.【Methods】3584 pregnant women who delivered in our hospital and Wenchang People's Hospital from January to December 2020 were selected,the incidence of neonatal birth defects was analyzed;and 81 pregnant women with congenital defects were selected as the case group,and 243 pregnant women with healthy newborns were selected as the control group according to the matching ratio of 1:3,the differences of clinical data between the two groups were analyzed.【Results】Among the 3548 cases,the incidence of birth defects was 2.26%,the congenital heart disease was the highest,accounting for 41.98%,followed by multiple fingers/toes,accounting for 24.69%;There was no significant difference in the incidence of birth defects among different regions and the number of pregnancies(P>0.05);The incidence of birth defects in women aged≥35 years was 3.69%,which was significantly higher than that in women aged<35 years(P<0.05);The proportions of maternal age≥35 years old,maternal BMI≥24 kg/m^(2) before pregnancy,maternal smoking or passive smoking during pregnancy,maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy,and mothers who make up or dye their fingers during pregnancy in case group were 30.86%,50.62%,44.44%,25.93%and 41.98%respectively,which were significantly higher than the control group(P<0.05);The results of Logistic regression analysis showed that maternal age,pre-pregnancy BMI,maternal smoking or passive smoking during pregnancy,maternal makeup or dye their fingers during pregnancy were the influencing factors for birth defects(OR=1.723,1.842,2.273 and 1.425,P<0.05).【Conclusion】The types of birth defects in neonates in Wenchang area are mainly congenital heart disease and multiple fingers/toes,which are affected by maternal age,BMI,smoking or passive smoking during pregnancy,makeup or dye their fingers during pregnancy.