摘要
The Smart Era urgently demands small-size, low-energy consuming and multi-functional devices which can satisfy versatile application scenarios, including autonomous systems, wireless sensor networks,biomedical equipment, wearable gadgets, and the Internet of Things.This overwhelming trend has drawn much attention and stimulates intensive collaborative efforts spanning diverse fundamental and applied research related to energy generation-harvesting-storage-managementapplications at the small scale. For instance, on one hand.