基于虚拟样机的疏浚重力抓斗仿真与分析

Simulation and analysis of dredging gravity grab based on virtual prototype

抓斗挖泥船以其船舶结构简单和特殊的作业能力在疏浚行业得到广泛应用。以30 m3疏浚重力抓斗(质量90 t)的虚拟样机模型为研究对象,结合疏浚抓斗理论和土力学理论对模型进行各种工况定性分析,研究施工的主要影响因素。同时尝试分析重力抓斗的水平挖掘过程,分析其平坦度的可能影响因素。仿真分析结果表明:重力抓斗主要挖掘力来源于自重和滑轮组的增力结构。该30 m3重力抓斗挖掘储备能力非常大,其设计工况更适用于较为密实沙土或碎岩等恶劣施工环境;安装合理的斗齿结构可进一步减低阻力,提高挖掘能力。在挖掘过程中,过大的初始挖掘深度将对水平挖掘作业的平坦度具有较大影响,操作过程中应尽量避免。

Grab dredger is widely used in dredging industry because of its simple structure and special operation ability.Taking the virtual prototype model of 30 m^(3) dredged gravity grab(grab weight is 90 t)as the research object,combined with the dredged grab theory and soil mechanics theory,the qualitative analysis of the model under various working conditions was carried out,and the main influencing factors of its construction were studied.At the same time,the horizontal dredging process of gravity grab was analyzed,and the possible influencing factors of its flatness was analyzed.The simulation results show that the main digging force of gravity grab comes from the self weight and the force increasing structure of pulley block.The 30 m3 gravity grab has a large dredging reserve capacity,and its design condition is more suitable for the construction environment with dense sand or broken rock and other harsh construction environment.The installation of reasonable grab tooth structure can further reduce the resistance and improve the dredging capacity.In the process of dredging,too large initial dredging depth will have a great impact on the flatness of horizontal dredging,which should be avoided during operation as far as possible.