国际投资法中的非法征收及其补偿

The Unlawful Expropriation and Its Compensation in International Investment Law

全面梳理和分析自古代特别是近代以来有关非法征收问题的国际法实践可以发现,王(皇)权和国家利益至上背景下的征收绝对合法理念和做法已经让位于近代社会重视公民财产权、对国家征收权和外国投资者合法权益的均衡保护。依照利益平衡原则以及公共目的、正当法律程序、非歧视、给予补偿"四要件"标准区分合法征收与非法征收,并对二者适用不同的补偿标准,是一种正在形成的习惯国际法规则,为国际投资法律关系的性质和国际投资协定的目的所要求,也符合我国国家利益。该规则是国家责任法的细化和发展。

A comprehensive review and analysis of the international law practice relating to the lawfulness of expropriation beginning from the ancient time especially the recent time shows that the notion of absoluteness of expropriation has been replaced by the new one emphasizing on the individual property rights and maintaining a balance between the eminent domain and foreign investors’ rights. Differentiating between the lawful and unlawful expropriations based on the principle of balance of interests and the four conditions public purpose, due process of law, non-discrimination, and payment of compensation and the application of different standard of compensation are becoming a rule of customary international law, which are required by the nature of legal relation of international investment and the purpose of international investment treaties, are in conformity with China’s national interest, and are a kind of development and detailing of state responsibility law.