国家高新区高质量发展综合性评价测度与趋势收敛检验

Comprehensive Evaluation Measure and Trend Convergence Test for High-quality Development of National High-tech Zones

国家高新区是技术创新与经济转型的主要阵地,是高质量发展的先行区。借鉴国家高新区技术产业开发区评价指标体系,构建国家高新区高质量发展水平指标体系,利用熵值法测度2013—2018年中国国家高新区高质量发展水平,并使用收敛模型分析影响高新区高质量发展水平的主要因素。研究结果表明。第一,2013—2018年中国国家高新区高质量发展水平总体上有所提高,但存在波动。第二,国家高新区高质量发展水平存在区域间的差异和区域内部差异,中部地区高新区高质量发展总体水平及其内部差异都高于东、西部地区。第三,国家高新区等级越高,其高质量发展水平越高,内部差异越小。第四,全国与东、中、西部地区高新区的高质量发展水平不存在σ收敛。第五,从全国平均水平来看,国家高新区高质量发展水平存在β绝对收敛与β条件收敛;分地区来看,东部地区不存在β绝对收敛;分园区等级来看,不同等级的国家高新区都存在β绝对收敛与β条件收敛。

The National High-tech Zone is the main front of technological innovation and economic restructuring and upgrading, as well as the pioneering zone of high-quality development. The high-quality development of national high-tech zones plays an exemplary and driving role in regional high-quality development and is the key to realizing high-quality economic development. It is of great theoretical value and practical significance to construct a comprehensive index system to evaluate the high-quality development level of national high-tech zones and to objectively evaluate the high-quality development level of national high-tech zones.The high-quality development of national high-tech zones is driven by innovation capacity and entrepreneurial activity, supported by structural optimization and industrial value chain, pursued by open innovation and national competitiveness, and developed by ecological protection, livability and inclusiveness. Referred to the Evaluation Index System of National High-tech Industrial Development Zones, 32 indicators were selected from four dimensions of knowledge creation and technological innovation ability, industrial development and structural optimization ability, internationalization and participation in international competition ability and sustainable development ability to establish a high-quality development index system for high-tech zones. Entropy method is used to determine the weight of each index and the comprehensive index of high-quality development of China’s national high-tech zones from 2013 to 2018 is calculated to evaluate the overall level of high-quality development of China’s national high-tech zones, regional differences and park level differences. In addition, the convergence model is used to carry out σ convergence test and β convergence test on the high-quality development of national high-tech zones, to analyse the development trend, difference characteristics and main factors affecting the high-quality development level of national high-tech zones.The results show that: Firstly, the quality development level of China’s national high-tech zones has been improved on the whole from 2013 to 2018, but the quality development level of some high-tech zones fluctuates greatly. Secondly,there are differences between regions and within regions in the level of high-quality development of national high-tech zones. The overall level and internal differences of high-quality development of national high-tech zones in central China are higher than those in eastern and western China. Thirdly, the higher the level of national high-tech zones, the higher the level of high-quality development, and the smaller the internal differences. World-class high-tech parks have a higher level of high-quality development, followed by innovative science and technology parks, innovative characteristic parks and other parks. Fourthly, there is no σ convergence in the high-quality development level of high-tech zones in China and the eastern, central and western regions, and there are still large inter-regional and intra-regional differences. Fifthly, from the national average level, there is β absolute convergence and β conditional convergence in the high-quality development level of national high-tech zones. There is no β absolute convergence in the eastern region, but the convergence rate in the central and western regions is faster than that in the eastern region. From the point of view of park level, there is β absolute convergence and β conditional convergence in different levels of national high-tech zones, and the convergence speed of innovative science and technology parks is faster than that of the world first-class, innovative characteristic and other parks.In general, China’s national high-tech zones have entered the stage of high-quality development, but there are still problems of unbalanced and inadequate development. To promote the high-quality development of high-tech zones, it is necessary to pay attention to the coordination between the construction of high-tech zones and the transformation of local industrial structure. In addition, it is urgent to guide the transfer of high-tech enterprises and high-skilled talents to the central and western regions, and narrow the development gap between regions and within regions for high-quality development of high-tech zones. Furthermore, it is important to focus on improving the quality of innovation and give full play to the role of scientific and technological innovation in leading high-quality development.