世界航天发射运输的发展趋势

Review and development perspective of the space launch and transportation system

针对世界航天发射运输系统,梳理了国内外发展现状和发展特点,综合对比了国内外航天发射场、运载火箭、火箭发动机的发展现状,并提出了未来发展趋势和展望。提出了低成本进入空间将改变世界航天发展的基本格局,航天远程跨域运输将突破航空领域运输效率的极限,指出了天地往返运输将成为维系空间环境的必然选择,轨道的多样性将催生多样态全域发射能力,同时传统液氧/煤油、液氢/液氧、液氧/甲烷等推进体制的主力运用领域将会迎来重大变革。

According to space launch and transportation systems of the world, history and current development are studied in this research. Comparisons of rockets, rocket engines and satellite launch centers are carried out, which yield the future development trend. Some perspectives are also brought forward. Entering the space with extreme-low cost will totally change the centennial development of the aerial transport. Remote and cross-domain transportation will break the transportation efficiency of the aerial transport over the world. Reusable earth-space transportation system will become a necessary choice to maintain space environment, such as cleaning space debris. Multiple orbit requirement of spacecraft will expedite diversity and multi-domain launch capacity of the space launch system. Domains where conventional space propulsion systems, e.g., hydrogen/oxygen, lox/methane, and LO2/RP-1 based engines, are applied will inevitably witness an revolution. The development trend and future perspectives of the space launch and transportation system will benefit researches in our country, such as choosing technical route, tackling critical techniques, engineering and so on.