高校典型建筑物学生群体应急疏散研究

The Research of Typical University Buildings on Crowd Emergency Evacuation

高校人员集中,典型建筑物如学生宿舍楼和实验室安全事故频发,严重影响学生的生命与财产安全,因此,研究事故下快速疏散学生群体以保障学生安全意义重大.以高校典型建筑物中的学生宿舍楼为研究对象,基于社会力模型,利用Anylogic仿真软件模拟男女大学生的应急疏散过程.结果表明,模拟结果与实际应急疏散演练结果相符;大学生疏散时具有结伴、从众等行为,能够快速脱离危险区;适当扩大宿舍楼紧急出口宽度可有效提升逃生效率;有序组织学生疏散可避免从众行为和出口堵塞造成的二次伤害事故.

The concentration of university students and the frequent occurrence of safety accidents in typical buildings such as student dormitories and laboratories seriously affect the safety of students’lives and property.Therefore,it is of great significance to study the rapid evacuation of student groups under safety accidents to ensure their safety.This paper focuses on simulation of evacuation of male and female college students from their dormitory in conflagration.Based on social force model,this paper uses the Anylogic software to simulate emergency scenarios,and take a typical university building for example.Results show that the simulation results are consistent with the actual emergency evacuation drill results;college students have behaviors such as grouping and following others when evacuating,and can quickly leave the danger zone;appropriately expanding the width of the emergency exit in the dormitory can effectively improve the efficiency of escape,and organizing the evacuation of students in an orderly manner can avoid herding behavior and outlet blockage caused secondary injury accidents.