小儿流行性腮腺炎发病特点及暴发的危险因素分析

Analysis of the characteristics and the risk factors of the outbreak of epidemic mumps in children

目的分析小儿流行性腮腺炎发病特点及暴发的危险因素,为小儿流行性腮腺炎的防治提供依据。方法选取2017年3月-2020年3月期间在某院进行治疗的120例小儿流行性腮腺炎患者为观察组。采用随机抽样方法,按照1∶2配比选择同期在该院进行健康检查的240例健康儿童为对照组。对观察组患者和对照组受试者的基础资料、临床资料进行统计分析,对小儿流行性腮腺炎发病的相关危险因素进行Logistic回归分析。结果小儿流行性腮腺炎感染患者年龄≤7岁居多(65.00%),男性患儿居多(60.83%)、冬春季易感(65.83%),多数患儿合并其他细菌感染(57.50%)。单因素分析,观察组与对照组的性别、年龄、体质量、母乳喂养、早产史、分娩方式、感染疾病史等差异均无统计学意义(χ^(2)=0.366、1.765、1.248、0.227、0.108、0.620、1.953,P>0.05),而两组患者在是否接种疫苗、接种疫苗剂次、流动儿童比例、在校儿童比例等差异均有统计学意义(χ^(2)=33.642、39.741、18.131、13.409,P<0.01)。经Logistic多因素分析,未接种疫苗、接种疫苗剂次<2次、流儿童及在校儿童是小儿流行性腮腺炎暴发的危险因素(OR=1.145、1.122、1.231、1.197,P<0.01)。结论接种足剂量的腮腺炎疫苗,在人群密集的学校区域做好相关的发病监测,对于小儿流行性腮腺炎发病的防治有着重要意义。

Objective To analyze the characteristics and the risk factors of the outbreak of epidemic mumps in children,provide basis for prevention and treatment of epidemic mumps in children.Methods One hundred and twenty children with epidemic mumps treated in the hospital from March 2017 to March 2020 were selected as the observation group.Two hundred and forty healthy children receiving physical examinations in the hospital during the same time were selected as the control group through the 1∶2 ratio by random sampling method.The basic data and clinical data of patients in the observation group and subjects in the control group were compared statistically,and the risk factors related to epidemic mumps in children were subject to Logistic regression analysis.Results The majority of children infected with epidemic mumps were under 7 years old(65.00%),the majority of male children(60.83%)were susceptible to be infected with epidemic mumps in winter and spring(65.83%),and most of children were complicated with other bacterial infections(57.50%).According to single factor analysis,the differences between the observation group and control group in terms of the gender,age,weight,breastfeeding,history of preterm delivery,delivery mode,history of infectious diseases weren′t statistically significant(χ^(2)=0.366,1.765,1.248,0.227,0.108,0.620,1.953,P>0.05),while the differences between two groups in terms of vaccination availability,vaccination frequency,proportion of floating children and proportion of children at school(χ^(2)=33.642,39.741,18.131,13.409,P<0.01).Logistic analysis showed that the risk factors of mumps outbreak were not vaccinated,frequency of vaccination dose less than 2 times,floating children and children at school(OR=1.145,1.122,1.231,1.197,P<0.01).Conclusion It is significant for prevention and treatment of mumps in children to inoculate enough dose of vaccines for mumps and properly conduct relevant surveillance on the disease attack in densely populated school areas.