亨利·菲尔丁与亚里士多德:继承与发展

Henry Fielding and Aristotle:Inheritance and Development

亨利·菲尔丁的现实主义理论立足于亚里士多德的艺术模仿现实的传统,他的现实主义小说中已经出现历史小说的萌芽。此外,在亚里士多德关于戏剧和史诗的论述基础上,菲尔丁定义了新体裁——散文喜剧史诗,认为喜剧史诗可以用散文写,喜剧的描写对象是虚荣和虚伪。菲尔丁对现实主义传统的发展主要体现在叙事理论方面,他采用全知全能的叙述者,运用时间的叙事和空间的叙事,这些都影响了后世小说家的创作和叙事理论的发展。菲尔丁的小说理论诞生于现代性开端的18世纪,在西方文论发展史上起到承上启下的重要作用。

The realistic theory of novel writing established by Henry Fielding is deeply rooted in the tradition of Aristotle,who argucs that art initatcsreality.Fielding's realistic novel already contains elements of thehistorical novel.Besides,based on Aristotle's comments on drama andlepic,Fielding throws light on a new genre called comic epic poem inprose,stating that comic epic can be written in prose with the comiceffect to ridicule vanity and hypocrisy.The most significant contribution Henry Fielding laid to realistic tradition can bc shown inthe narratives where an ornnipotent perspective was cmployed to presenttine and space to a large extnt.It influenced writers after him innarrative theory.His novel theory came into being in the first half ofthe 18th century when modernity was just started,which played asignificant transitional role in the developinent of literary theary.