《巴黎协定》后国际碳市场自愿减排标准的适用与规范完善

Application and Improvement of Voluntary Emission Reduction Standards in International Carbon Market After the Paris Agreement

全球气候治理的多边贸易体制在后疫情时代面临前所未有的挑战。双边、多边和区域性的碳市场合作,成为《巴黎协定》市场机制下各缔约方国家实现"绿色经济复苏"的最优选择。国际碳市场标准是形塑市场机制的基础,为打破《巴黎协定》国家自主贡献机制与市场机制分而治之的困境,应当完善国际转让碳补偿单位认定的计量、核算和报告规则,对市场标准作为气候诉讼裁判依据的效力予以证成。同时,重塑《巴黎协定》后全球碳定价权分配格局,立足于缔约方国家平等对话的现实需求。中国作为全球最大的碳排放权供应国,应当促导市场标准法制化的良性传导效应,为中国在《巴黎协定》市场机制不断变革中建立"合作共赢和良法善治"的制度性话语权奠定基础。

The multilateral trading system of global climate governance is facing unprecedented challenges in the post epidemic era. Bilateral, multilateral and regional carbon market cooperation has become the best choice for each contracting country to achieve "green economic recovery" under the market mechanism of the Paris Agreement. International carbon market standard is the foundation for shaping the market mechanism. In order to break the dilemma of the separated management of the national independent contribution mechanism and market mechanism of the Paris Agreement, the rules of measurement, accounting and reporting recognized by the international transfer of carbon compensation units should be optimized, and the validity of market standards as the judgement basis of climate litigation should be justified. Meanwhile, it is necessary to reshape the distribution pattern of global carbon pricing power after the Paris Agreement based on the actual needs of equal dialogue between the contracting countries. As the largest supplier of carbon emission rights in the world, China should promote the positive transmission effect of the legalization of market standards and lay the foundation for China to establish the institutional discourse right of "win-win cooperation and good law and good governance" in the continuous reform of market mechanism of the Paris Agreement.