现代汉语独语句研究的百年回溯与展望

A Study of Independent Clauses:A Retrospect and Prospect of the Past Century

独语句是非主谓句的一种,主要由一个词或一个偏正词组植入标识语气的标点符号构成,其发展反映了百年来中国文法探索者对印欧语法框架的质疑和对中国语言事实的思考。文章从独语句的术语嬗变和界定入手,梳理了"省略说""零句说""词组本位说""字本位说"和"小句中枢说"等语法理论对独语句发展的贡献,指出了现有成果在概念界定、分类和准入条件研究方面存在的不足。最后,文章借助构式语法和认知语法理论对独语句的分类和准入条件等进行了讨论,并对独语句未来的研究提出了一些展望,旨在助推汉语独语句理论体系的构建,为汉语语法教材编写提供理论和实践参考。

Independent clause(or word clause) is a kind of non-subject-predicate sentence, whose development, in a way, mirrors Chinese grammar explorers’ challenge to Indo-European grammar frame and the reflection on Chinese language facts. The present study starts from evolution and definition of the term "independent clause", then through reviewing Chinese grammatical theories such as "Ellipsis Theory", "De-ellipsis Theory", "Minor-sentence Theory", "Phrase-oriented theory", "Zi-centered Theory" and "Clause-pivot Approach", this paper points out the research gap concerning definition, classification and entry conditions of the previous studies. In addition, the classification and entry conditions have been discussed under the frame of cognitive grammar. This paper also puts forward some problems to be studied in the coming years, aiming at promoting the construction of the theoretical system of independent clauses and providing some theoretical and practical references for compiling Chinese grammar textbooks.