再论《12年科技发展远景规划》的制订与实施

Revisit of the formulation and the implementation of the 12-year plan for scientific and technological development

考察了中国第一个综合性科学技术发展长期规划,即《12年科技发展远景规划》的制订背景和原因,探讨了该规划的制订和实施情况。该规划在周恩来、陈毅、李富春、聂荣臻等中央高层领导下制订和实施,是中国和苏联科技合作的结晶。其制订工作于1956年分两阶段进行,全国数百位科学家和多位苏联专家参加工作,中国科学院学部委员是中坚力量。该规划以“重点发展,迎头赶上”作为中国发展科学的方针,密切结合国家工业、农业、国防,以及医药卫生建设的需要。1957年,苏联组织约600位专家对该规划草案进行了研究。苏联国家科学技术委员会和苏联科学院提出了纲要式的综合性意见。该规划实施成效显著,有力地推动了中国科技事业和原子能事业的发展,为中国工业、农业生产和国防建设打下坚实的基础。该规划树立了中国政府组织、领导科学家规划科学技术的典范,是中国共产党领导中国科技事业的一座历史丰碑。

This paper reviews the backgrounds of the formulation of the first comprehensive long-term plan for scientific and technological development in China, namely, the 12-year plan for scientific and technological development, including the formulation and the implementation of the plan. The plan was formulated and implemented under the leadership of Zhou Enlai,Chen Yi, Li Fuchun, Nie Rongzhen and other senior leaders of the CPC Central Committee. It was the crystallization of the scientific and technological cooperation between China and the Soviet Union. Its formulation work was completed in two stages.,with the participation ofhundreds of scientists and nearly 100 Soviet experts. Members of the Academic Divisions of the Chinese Academy of Sciences were the backbone. The plan put the priority in the main tasks and proceeded with determination, as the policy of scientific development in China, and it was closely related with the needs of the national industry, agriculture, defense,and medical and health constructions. Its implementation had achieved remarkable results, effectively promoted the development of new China’s science and technology and atomic energy, laid a solid foundation for new China’s industrial and agricultural production and national defense construction. The plan set a good example for China’s government to organize scientists to plan the science and technology. It was a historical monument for the Communist Party of China to govern China’s science and technology.