中国共产党百年抗灾回顾:基于制度优势的分析

Disaster relief history led by the Communist Party of China:Analysis of the institutional advantage

中国共产党成立100年来,带领中国人民与频发的自然灾害进行了艰苦卓绝的斗争,并取得了显著的抗灾减灾成效。从中国共产党百年来对灾害成因认知变化的历程出发,梳理了百年来中国抗灾体制的变迁史,并在此基础上提炼总结出了中国共产党百年来在抗灾救灾中所拥有的独特制度优势,即对口援建模式、军民协同模式、以人为本,生命至上理念以及广泛的国际协作实践。在中国共产党的重视及引领下,中国正在经历从救灾到应急管理,再到风险管理的理念变迁,未来将更多地体现出科技应灾及多元治灾的重要性,中国特色社会主义制度将成为未来应急管理及风险治理取得显著效能的不竭源泉。

During the past 100 years since its founding,the Communist Party of China led Chinese people in an arduous struggle against frequent natural disasters and achieved remarkable results.This paper analyzes the cognitive background of the Communist Party of China on the causes of disasters in the past hundred years and reviews the history of China's disaster relief system in the past hundred years.The institutional advantages of the Communist Party of China is evident in the disaster relief over the past century.The analyses indicate the following patterns:the counterpart assistance model,the civil—military integration model,the policy of putting the life in the first place,and the extensive international participation practices.Under the guidance of the Communist Party of China,China is experiencing a conceptual change from the disaster relief to the emergency management and then to the risk management.The technological disaster response for the diversified disasters would be more important.The socialist system with Chinese characteristics will become an inexhaustible source for the remarkable performance of the emergency management and the risk management in the future.