区块链的共识机制研究

Research on Blockchain Consensus Mechanism

【目的】为了更好地解决区块链点对点的通信过程中账本一致性问题。【文献范围】主要从知网、ACM、CCS等参考了四十余篇研究区块链、智能合约技术以及各种共识机制的文献。【方法】分析比较了较常见的共识算法的优缺点,进而说明了各种共识机制的应用场景,介绍了共识机制最新的研究成果并进行了比较。【结果】可见每种共识机制都有自己的优缺点,不同的共识机制应当应用于不同的场景才能发挥最大的作用。【局限】本文篇幅有限,未能对具体共识机制技术进行更完善的介绍。【结论】我们可以针对各种共识机制的缺点进行改进设计出更完善的共识机制。

[Objective]Blockchain consensus mechanism is the key technology to solve the account books consistency problem in the process of point-to-point communication in blockchain.[Coverage]More than 40 related literatures from CNKI,ACM,CCS,etc.on blockchain,smart contract technology and various consensus mechanisms are referred.[Methods]This paper divides consensus mechanisms into two categories:proof consensus mechanism and Byzantine consensus mechanism.This paper first introduces five consensus algorithms:POW,POS,DPOS,POA and PBFT consensus algorithm,and then analyzes and compares their advantages and disadvantages.Aiming at reducing the defects of various consensus algorithms,two improved consensus algorithms are introduced,including honey badger algorithm and little flying elephant negotiation algorithm.[Results]Each consensus mechanism has its own advantages and disadvantages.Different consensus mechanisms should be applied to different scenarios to play their roles.[Limitations]Due to the limited space,this paper is not able to give a detailed introduction to a specific consensus mechanism technology.[Conclusions]Each different consensus mechanism has its own shortcomings.Thus,we can improve consensus mechanisms by reducing their shortcomings.