新中国70年来体育治理的历史演进、主要经验和趋势前瞻

Historical Evolution,Main Experience and Trend Prospects of Sports Governance in New China over the Past 70 Years

体育治理现代化是实现体育强国建设目标的必然要求,体育治理既要吸取国外做法,更要传承本国体育发展历史和经验。在对体育治理概念进行认知的基础上,对新中国70年来我国的体育治理进行全面梳理,我国体育治理大致经历了体育治理的初创探索期(1949—1955年)、曲折发展期(1956—1977年)、战略转变期(1978-1991年)、协调发展期(1992—2012年)和新时代(2013年—)5个阶段,主要选取体育治理价值、治理主体、治理机制和治理效果4个维度对每个阶段进行归纳总结。新中国70年来的体育治理形成了包括价值认知是引领、始终以国家战略为指导、基本匹配国家发展阶段和自主发展的同时避免经验的断裂等经验。基于历史的观察,提出我国体育治理的未来趋势:体育治理价值应生活化,聚焦生活,发展以人民为中心的体育;体育治理主体应多元化、整体化、分类化,做好相应顶层设计,分类治理;体育治理机制应是全面化、系统化、人本化的治理体系;体育治理效果应遵循民意,形成以人民满意为指向的体育发展效果导向等。

The modernization of sports governance is an inevitable requirement to achieve the goal of building a strong sports country.Sports governance must not only absorb foreign practices,but also inherit the history and experience of domestic sports development.On the basis of cognition of the concept of sports governance,a comprehensive review of new China’s sports governance in the past 70 years has been carried out.New China’s sports governance has roughly gone through five stages:the initial exploration period of sports governance(1949—1955),the tortuous development period(1956—1978),the strategic transformation period of sports governance(1978—1991),the coordinated development period of sports governance(1992—2012),and the new era of sports governance(2013—).At each stage,the four dimensions of sports governance value,governance subject,governance mechanism,and governance effect are summarized and summarized.In the 70 years of new China’s sports governance,it has been established that the value cognition is the leading method of sports governance.Sports governance has always been guided by national strategies.Sports governance basically matches the development stage of the country.Sports governance develops independently while avoiding experience breaks.Based on historical observations,we put forward the future trend of sports governance in China:sports governance values should be living,focusing on life,and developing people-centered sports;the main body of sports governance should be diversified,integrated,and classified,and the corresponding top-level design should be done.Classified governance;sports governance mechanism should be a comprehensive,systematic,and human-oriented governance system;sports governance effects should follow public opinion and form a sports development effect-oriented oriented toward people’s satisfaction.