时空信息量与运动水平对网球运动员接发球预判的影响

Effect of Temporal and Spatial Information Content on Anticipatory Performance of Tennis Players in Returnof Serve

目的:研究时空信息量和运动水平对网球运动员接发球预判表现的影响,揭示特定运动信息对接发球预判的重要性。方法:40名被试分为专家组与新手组参与试验,每组各20人,测试不同时空信息量条件下被试接发球预判的反应时与准确率。结果:专家组在不同时空信息量条件下的预判反应时明显短于新手组(P<0.01);专家组在-40 ms遮蔽条件下的预判准确率明显高于新手组(P<0.05);专家组在头部和持拍手臂空间信息遮蔽条件下的预判准确率要显著高于新手组(P<0.05)。结论:时空信息量与运动水平对网球运动员的接发球预判表现有显著影响,专家网球运动员具备更好的接发球预判技能;发球前80 ms至发球时(0 ms),发球员抛球、持拍手臂和躯干(肩部)的运动学信息对网球运动员的接发球预判具有重要作用,网球专家能够有效利用发球员这些信息进行接发球预判,知觉预判信息的搜索更加综合全面,知识经验和信息整合加工能力更具优势,而网球新手知觉预判的信息搜索方式及认知加工较为简单,更关注发球员的头部、球拍与球碰撞的运动信息。

The purpose of the study was to examine the effect of information content on the perceptual anticipation performance of tennis players in serve and return,and disclosed the importance of specific motion information.40 subjects participated in the experiment,who were classified into two groups:expert group and novice group,20 participants of each group,to examine the reaction time and anticipatory accuracy in serve and return under the different conditions of temporal and spatial information content.The findings revealed that there was a significant difference in reaction time of between the experts and novices on the varied conditions of information content,and the reaction time of experts was much shorter than the novices’(P<0.01);significant difference was found in anticipatory accuracy under the-40 ms occluded condition between the experts and novices(P<0.05),same with the head and arm occluded conditions,and the anticipatory accuracy of experts was much better than the novices’(P<0.05).The study indicated that temporal and spatial information content had a significant effect on the reaction time and anticipation accuracy of tennis players of different experience in serve and return,expert tennis players had superior anticipation advantages;the action information of tossing,arm and upper body(shoulder)between 80ms before and the contact(0 ms)was crucial for the anticipation of return,and the experts could better pick-up and utilize these cues during the anticipation in serve and return;the information search of experts during perceptual anticipation was much more comprehensive,and had superior advantages on the knowledge structure of the specific context and information processing capabilities,but information search methods and cognitive processing of novices were relatively simple,who were mainly focus on the Head and contact of racquet and ball.