索绪尔与本维尼斯特话语思想之对比研究

Contrastive Study on Saussure’s and Benveniste’s Thoughts of Discourse

索绪尔与本维尼斯特同为20世纪著名的语言学家、符号学家,他们的话语思想各有侧重,同中有异。索绪尔与本维尼斯特都以构建一门语言科学为目的,重视语言与话语的不同。索绪尔提出语言作为话语行动,而本维尼斯特关注言语与话语的区别;索绪尔从个人存在和社会存在两个角度考察话语的主体,但本维尼斯特强调个体通过言说自立为主体;索绪尔对句子的归属问题迟疑不定,本维尼斯特却肯定句子是话语的单位。

Saussure and Benveniste were both famous linguists and semioticians in the 20th century.There are some similarities and differences between their thoughts of discourse.In order to build a science of language,Saussure and Benveniste both care about the difference between langue and discourse.Saussure proposes that langue comes into action as discourse,while Benveniste focuses the difference between parole and discourse.Saussure examines the subject of discourse from the perspective of individual existence and social existence.However,Benveniste emphasizes that individual is constructed by himself through the discourse.Different from Saussure who is hesitant about the question of the attribution of the sentence,Benveniste affirms that the sentence is the unit of discourse.