大型垃圾处理设施周边居民污染感知影响因素及空间特征

Influencing factors and spatial characteristics of residents’pollution perception around large-scale waste treatment facilities

近年来,随着中国大城市的快速发展,城市内部的大型垃圾处理设施与居住空间相交叠,影响居民生活品质。论文以北京市最大的垃圾处理中心——阿苏卫为研究对象,基于2019年8—10月获取的问卷数据,构建表征居民污染感知与污染源的空间距离、居民属性和居民主观认知3类因素关系的多层线性模型,以探索大城市邻避设施周边居民污染感知的影响因素,在此基础上结合街道的人口特征分析居民的污染感知空间特征。研究发现:(1)个体属性方面,学历、家庭收入等因素对居民污染感知具有正向作用;"老北京人"对垃圾处理中心污染最敏感,而"新北京人"对污染最不敏感;30~40岁的居民污染感知最强烈。(2)在主观认知方面,了解周边污染源,认为污染危害较大的居民对污染感知更敏感。(3)距离会直接影响居民的污染感知,也会影响其他因素对居民污染感知的作用程度,距离越远,学历、家庭收入及对污染源的了解程度对污染感知的影响越大。(4)距阿苏卫9 km以内的街道集聚着较多的低收入、低学历人口,这类居民缺乏必要的防护意识,需重点关注;距离在9~12 km的"回天地区"分布着较多高学历的"新北京人",居民污染感知的差异较大;距阿苏卫12 km以外区域的居民污染感知微弱,其邻避情绪可以通过正向的引导基本消除。

In recent years,with the rapid development of large cities in China,large-scale waste treatment facilities and residential spaces overlap are affecting residents’quality of life.Taking Beijing’s largest waste treatment center—Asuwei as the research object,this study built a multilayer linear model based on data from a questionnaire survey conducted in August to October 2019 to examine the relationship between residents’perception of pollution and distance from the source of pollution,residents’individual attributes,and residents’subjective perceptions.Using this model,we explored the influencing factors of residents’perception of pollution around neighboring facilities.On this basis,combined with demographic characteristics of the areas around waste treatment facility,the spatial characteristics of residents’pollution perception were analyzed.The study found that:1)In terms of individual attributes,factors such as education background and household income have a positive effect on residents’perception of pollution;"old Beijingers"are most sensitive to pollution from waste disposal centers,while"new Beijingers"are the least sensitive;residents aged 30-40 have the strongest perception of pollution.2)In terms of subjective perception,residents who are aware of the surrounding pollution sources and believe that they are exposed to great pollution hazards are more sensitive to pollution.3)Distance to Asuwei directly affects residents’perception of pollution,as well as the degree to which other factors affect residents’perception of pollution.The farther the distance,the greater the impact of education,household income,and knowledge of pollution sources on pollution perception.4)The residential communities within 9 km from Asuwei gather a large number of low-income and less educated people.Such residents lack the necessary protection awareness and need to be paid attention to.There are more highly educated"new Beijingers"in the Huilongguan-Tiantongyuan area that is 9-12 km away from Asuwei,and in this area residents’perception of pollution varies greatly.Residents in the areas more than 12 km away from Asuwei have weak perception of pollution,and the negative perception of these residents can be eliminated through positive guidance.