地方饮食到全国小吃:兰州拉面和沙县小吃空间扩散的案例研究

From local food to national snacks:Spatial expansion of Lanzhou hand-pulled noodle and Shaxian snack restaurants

地方小吃的空间集聚与扩散是饮食文化空间传播的主要内容之一,也是人口迁移与地域文化交流的重要表现。论文以兰州拉面和沙县小吃2大中国知名地方小吃为研究案例,以小吃门店兴趣点(POI)大数据为主要数据源,基于密度、距离与加权平均中心方法分析地方小吃空间集聚与扩散格局,然后采用空间自相关、聚类和异常值分析以及热点分析方法研究地方小吃的空间集聚关联特征以及空间扩散模式和路径。结果表明:(1)兰州拉面和沙县小吃门店呈现非均衡的凝聚型空间分布特征,兰州拉面空间扩散范围和距离均大于沙县小吃;(2)兰州拉面和沙县小吃的空间扩散主要依赖于人口的跨区流动,从民族饮食和在地小吃逐渐演化为外出人口的生存手段,形成品牌效应以后进一步在全国扩张;(3)沙县小吃空间扩散的集聚性特征强于兰州拉面,兰州拉面和沙县小吃的空间扩张具有邻域扩散和等级扩散相融合的特征,跳跃式扩散是小吃从业者在信息时代市场竞争下的新选择。地方小吃空间扩散格局反映出中国饮食习惯的空间分异,小吃的空间扩散与中国流动人口的分异格局具有空间匹配性。

The spatial gathering and diffusion of local snacks is the main content of spatial expansion of catering culture and an important representation of population migration and regional cultural exchange.Taking Lanzhou hand-pulled noodles and Shaxian snacks in China as example,this study analyzed the spatial agglomeration and diffusion patterns of local snacks based on the density,distance,and weighted average center method,taking the point of interest(POI)of snack restaurants as the main data source.Then,spatial autocorrelation,clustering,and outlier analysis and hot spot analysis were used to examine the spatial correlation characteristics and spatial diffusion patterns of local snack restaurant clusters.The results show that:1)Lanzhou noodle and Shaxian snack restaurants showed unbalanced spatial distribution characteristics.The spatial diffusion range and distance of Lanzhou noodle restaurants were larger than that of Shaxian snack restaurants.2)The spatial diffusion of Lanzhou noodle and Shaxian snack restaurants mainly depends on the cross-regional flow of population.From ethnic food and local snacks to the means of survival of the migrant population,Lanzhou noodles and Shaxian snacks gradually established their brands and then further spread throughout China.3)The spatial diffusion agglomeration characteristic of Shaxian snacks is stronger than that of Lanzhou noodles.The spatial expansion of Lanzhou noodles and Shaxian snacks is characterized by the combination of neighborhood diffusion and hierarchical diffusion.Leaping diffusion is a new choice for snack restaurant operators in the market competition of the information age.The spatial diffusion pattern of local snacks reflects the spatial differentiation of Chinese dietary habits,and the spatial diffusion pattern of snacks matches the differentiation of floating population distribution in China.