引入碳交易机制的新能源汽车发展路径研究

Development Paths of New Energy Vehicles Incorporating CO Emissions Trading Scheme

中国新能源汽车进入"后补贴时代",亟需探索建立市场化发展的长效机制。引入道路交通碳交易机制替代财政补贴,形成市场化激励与惩罚机制,建立起燃油汽车反哺新能源汽车的市场机制。采用系统动力学解析道路交通碳交易机制影响新能源汽车发展的关键政策参数,构建基于多智能体的道路交通碳交易仿真模型,并对引入碳交易机制的新能源汽车发展路径进行仿真预测。结果表明:在各发展路径下,2030年和2050年的中国新能源汽车市场份额分别能够达到50%~85%和91%~98%,反映引入道路交通碳交易机制可以有效促进"后补贴时代"新能源汽车跨越式发展。

New energy vehicles in China have entered the "post-subsidy era", and it is urgent to explore and establish a long-term mechanism for market-oriented development. The CO2 emission trading scheme for road transport(ETS-RT) is introduced to replace financial subsidies, forming a market-oriented incentive and punishment mechanism. Therefore, a market mechanism is established where internal combustion engine vehicles feed new energy vehicles. A causal loop diagram of system dynamics was used to analyze the key policy parameters of the ETS-RT that affect the development of new energy vehicles. Then a multi-agents-based model of ETS-RT is established to simulate the development paths of new energy vehicles incorporating ETS-RT. The results show that: the market share of new energy vehicles in 2030 and 2050 may reach 50%–85% and 91%–98% respectively under the development paths. It reflects that the introduction of ETS-RT can effectively promote the leaping development of China’s new energy vehicles in the "post-subsidy era".