自由的理解抑或任意的独断?——就《论语》“四十而不惑”章真伪问题的理解

Free Understanding or Arbitrary Dogmatism——Understanding of the Truth and Falsehood of the Chapter "One Should Have No More Doubts When He Is 40" in the Analects

经典文本的生命力存在于充满历史性的理解之中,罔顾理解的历史性而任意夸大理解主体(读者)自身的自由限度,必然会走向一种任意的独断。孔子不是苏格拉底,不能用苏格拉底式严谨的逻辑标准来强求孔子的人生经验总结,更不能把封建专制思想的源头归罪于孔子的"从心所欲不逾矩"。孔子"四十而不惑"章或真或伪,都无损于这一经典文本在延续中华传统文化命脉中的深层力量。

The vitality of classical texts lies in the historical understanding of people, ignoring the historicity of understanding and exaggerating the limit of the subjects’ own freedom arbitrarily will inevitably lead to an arbitrary dogmatism. Confucius is not Socrates, we cannot use the rigorous Socratic logic standard to force the summary of Confucius’ life experience and blame the source of feudal autocratic thought on Confucius’ s " doing at will without breaking rules ". Whether it is true or false, the chapter of "One Should Have No More Doubts When He Is 40" is of no detriment to the profound power of the classic text in the continuation of traditional Chinese culture.