论师法、家法的局限与“通学”的兴起

Limitation of the Coaching and Family Discipline and the Rise of "General Learning"

汉武帝从诸子百家学说中选定儒学作为官方意识形态,而师法、家法正是维护正宗的博士官学统治地位的得力工具,其存在为经籍得以真实无误地流传后世提供了保证,在经学发展史上的意义确有值得肯定之处。但是,这种存在也不可避免地会导致其带有某种保守性与宗派性,要求弟子恪守师法、家法的结果,必然不利于经学的发展。古文经学家们以研究学问为其目的,不易受师法、家法的限制,因而能在经学上有较为突出的贡献。"通学"是经学自身发展、创新的需要,客观上对于学术研究综合风气的养成有很大的促进作用。

Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty selected Confucianism as the official ideology from the hundreds of theories, and the coaching and family discipline were the effective tools to maintain the dominant position of the orthodox doctor and official schools, and their existence provided a guarantee for the true and unerring dissemination of the classics to the later generations, and their significance in the history of the development of the classics is indeed worthy of affirming. However, this kind of existence inevitably led to some kind of conservatism and sectarianism, which required the disciples to abide by the coaching and family discipline, which was not conducive to the development of the study of Confucian classics. With the purpose of learning, the scholars of ancient classics were not subject to the restriction of the coaching and family discipline, so they could make outstanding contributions in the study of Confucian classics. "General learning" was needed for the self-development and innovation of the study of Confucian classics, and its objectively played a great role in promoting the formation of the comprehensive atmosphere of academic research.