相互保险风险池越大越好吗?——基于最佳组织规模问题的多学科文献调研

Is the Bigger the Mutual Insurance Risk Pool,the Better?--Multidisciplinary Literature Research Based on Optimal Organization Size

相互保险已在国内开始运营,特别是各类互助组织借助网络技术,体量越来越大,亟需监管机构重视与规范。本文聚焦相互保险基本风险池最佳规模问题,通过多个学科的文献调研,提出"博弈类型""信任基础""组织结构""管理措施"等因素是制约最佳组织规模的四大影响因素。梳理相互保险发展史,以及更为普适的人类社群组织规模发展史后,提出控制底层风险池组织规模是相互保险持续健康发展的重要前提。最后,结合最佳组织规模的影响因素,提出相互保险可通过一系列组织、技术、管理、监管措施来突破底层风险池的规模限制。无论是相互保险,还是基于合作互助而成立的各类互助组织,适度的底层单元组织规模都是确保其持续健康发展的关键。

Mutual insurance has begun to operate in China,and various mutual aid organizations,in particular,have become larger and larger with the help of network technology,which urgently needs the atten⁃tion and regulation of regulatory agencies.This paper focuses on the problem of the optimal scale of the prima⁃ry risk pool of mutual insurance.Through literature research in multiple disciplines,it is proposed that“game type”,“trust basis”,“organization structure”and“management measures”are the four significant influence factors that restrict the optimal organization scale.After reviewing the development history of mutual insurance and the development history of the scale of more universal human community organizations,it is proposed that controlling the scale of the underlying risk pool organization is an essential prerequisite for the sustainable and healthy development of mutual insurance.Finally,combining the influencing factors of the optimal organiza⁃tional scale,it is proposed that mutual insurance can break through the scale limitation of the underlying risk pool through a series of managerial,technical,management,and regulatory measures.