基于HPLC和层次分析法评价不同采收期对山楂果实和叶片中活性物质含量的影响

Effects of Different Harvest Time on Contents of Active Substances in Fruits and Leaves of Shanzha(Cralaegus pinnatifida. Bge. var. major N. E. Br.) Based on HPLC and AHP

以山楂果实和叶片为研究对象,以金丝桃苷、异槲皮苷、绿原酸和枸橼酸为评价指标,采用HPLC结合层次分析法,评价了二者综合品质随采收期变化的情况。结果表明,山里红果实中绿原酸和黄酮物质含量均显著低于叶片,枸橼酸含量相当;以化学成分评价,二者最佳采收期分别为10月19日和10月26日,含量分别为37.73μg·g^(-1),32.24μg·g^(-1),107.27μg·g^(-1),131.70 mg·g^(-1)和372.37μg·g^(-1),240.28μg·g^(-1),426.49μg·g^(-1),119.66 mg·g^(-1);以消食降脂功能评价,最佳采收期分别为10月26日和11月2日,综合评分分别为0.99和1.00;以强心降压功能评价,最佳采收期均为11月2日,综合评分分别为0.97和0.99。因此,建议以利用枸橼酸为主时选择果实,以黄酮类为主时选择叶片,二者在10月中下旬采集,药用品质较佳。

In order to guide the scientific and standardized harvesting process, the suitable harvest time of the medicinal fruit was studied. This experiment with dried fruits and leaves of Shanzha(Cralaegus pinnatifida.Bge.var.major N.E.Br.) as the research material, the contents of hyperoside, isoquercetin, chlorogenic acid and citric acid were determined by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC), and the optimal harvest time for the fruits and leaves was investigated. All results showed that the contents of chlorogenic acid and flavonoids in leaves were significantly higher than those in fruits, but the folic acid content was similar. When the chemical composition content was evaluated, the optimal harvest time of leaves was October 26 th of the same year and that of fruits was October 19 th-26 th, and the contents of four chemical components were 372.37 μg·g^(-1), 240.28 μg·g^(-1), 426.49 μg·g^(-1), 119.66 mg·g^(-1) and 37.73 μg·g^(-1), 32.24 μg·g^(-1), 107.27 μg·g^(-1), 131.70 mg·g^(-1). Directed by resolving food stagnancy, the optimal harvest time of leaves and fruits were evaluated on November 2 nd and October 26 th, and the comprehensive scores were 0.99 and 1.00, respectively. According to the evaluation of cardiac antihypertensive function, the fruits and leaves optimal harvest time were both November 2 nd of the same year, and the comprehensive scores were 0.97 and 0.99, respectively. Therefore, it was recommended to select fruits with citric acid as the main purpose, and leaves with flavonoids as the main purpose. The leaves and fruits with better medicinal quality were collected in the middle and late October.