“天人合一”与理学的使命

The Concept of Heaven and Human are Integrated and the Mission of Neo-Confucianism

思想使命是理学范式中具有重要意义的维度,在以往学界对这一问题的研究中,“天人合一”往往是被忽视的视角。实际上,理学家特别推重的“天人合一”观念直接关乎理学的思想使命,即理学是为了重建“天人合一”的整全世界之本原,这一本原必须既区别于佛教的“心”或“空”,又不同于中国本土哲学的“气”。以“北宋五子”为代表的早期理学家在这种双重扬弃中展开了“寻根”之旅。统而言之,早期理学确立的世界本原是“天地之心”;分而言之,各家各派的答案又有“太极”“太虚”“天理”之不同。从邵雍、周敦颐到张载、二程兄弟,早期理学不断趋于成熟,并由程朱学派初步完成了思想使命,实现了范式转换。

Ideological mission is an important dimension in the paradigm of Neo-Confucianism.In the previous studies on this issue,the concept of“heaven and human are integrated”is often ignored.In fact,the concept of“heaven and human are integrated”,which is particularly emphasized by Neo-Confucianists,is directly related to the philosophical mission of Neo-Confucianism.That is,Neo-Confucianism is to reconstruct the origin of the whole world,which must be different from the“heart”or“emptiness”of Buddhist philosophy and the“Qi”of Chinese local philosophy.The early Neo-Confucianists represented by the five persons of the Northern Song Dynasty embarked on the journey of seeking roots in this dual sublation.In general,the world origin established by early Neo-Confucianism is“the heart of heaven and earth”.In other words,the answers of different schools are different from Taiji,Taixu and Tianli.From Shao Yong and Zhou Dunyi to Zhang Zai and Cheng brothers,the early Neo-Confucianism gradually matured,and the Cheng-Zhu school initially completed the ideological mission and realized the paradigm transformation.