冯友兰新理学“负底方法”探析

On the Negative Methodof Feng Youlan's New Rational Philosophy

“负底方法”是冯友兰在新理学体系构建中的一次重要革新,其产生一方面源于逻辑分析法无法思议言说新理学中“大全”“道体”等核心概念;另一方面源于冯友兰同当时学者的交流。“负底方法”以否定的形式从侧面分析形而上学概念,它与“正底方法”相互补充,共同形成新理学的正负二元结构方法论。“负底方法”使形上学核心概念可以被思议,由此知天与事天成为可能,为人生境界理论奠定基础。在对正、负方法二者关系的论述中,冯友兰明确了中国哲学在世界哲学中的地位,这在“贞下起元”之际对提升民族文化信心有重要作用。

The negative method is the important innovation in the construction of Feng Youlan's new rational philosophy.On the one hand,the negative method arises from the logic analysis method's inability of thinking about the new rational philosophy's core concepts,such as the Way and the Universe.On the other hand,the negative method arises from the Feng Youlan's communication with the other scholars.The negative method analyses the metaphysical concepts with a way from the side.The negative method and positive method complement each other and come together into a binary structure methodology.The negative method makes thinking of the core concepts of metaphysics become possible,thus we can understand the heaven and accord to the heaven,which laying a solid foundation for the life states theories.In the interpretation of the relationship between positive and negative methods,the position of Chinese philosophy in the world philosophy was confirmed,which played an important role in promoting the Chinese people's culture confidence,especially during the time of“the chillest Winter before the Spring”.