儒家责任伦理的辩证特征

Dialectical Features of Confucian Responsibility Ethics

儒家责任伦理体现出六大相反相成的辩证特征:一是情感伦理与理智伦理融通。儒家责任伦理诚然彰显了情感伦理特性,却并不排除人的道德智慧,也彰显了某种理智伦理的特点。二是个体伦理与社会伦理结合。儒家责任伦理注重自我的内敛返求,凸显了内在自觉、以个体修身为基础、提倡反求诸己、凸显责任内在化等较为强烈的个体性,同时它也讲究他者导向,强调对群体、对国家义务责任的优先性,体现了鲜明的社会性特征。三是人文伦理与等差伦理兼具。儒家责任伦理彰显了杜维明所说的“精神性人文主义”,带有浓厚的人道主义色彩,但也讲究差等秩序,彰显了人伦秩序的级差性。四是事前责任与事后责任合一。儒家责任伦理既包括对事前义务性道德责任的阐释,也容纳了关于报应性(奖惩)事后道德责任的诸多论说。五是心性伦理与规范伦理统一。儒家责任伦理奠定在悠久的心性之学上,又通过以“礼”为核心的规范伦理加以表达和规定。六是德性伦理与德行伦理并举。如果说儒家阐发的内在德性伦理为责任伦理提供了主体根基的话,那么儒家揭示的德行伦理是责任伦理的外在表征和重要依托。

Confucian responsibility ethics embodies six dialectical characteristics of mutual opposites and complements.One is the integration of emotional ethics and rational ethics.Confucian responsibility ethics certainly demonstrates the characteristics of emotional ethics,but it does not exclude the moral wisdom of people,but also demonstrates the characteristics of a certain rational ethics.The second is the combination of individual ethics and social ethics.Confucian responsibility ethics pays attention to the self-introverted pursuit,highlighting the strong individuality such as inner self-consciousness,self-cultivation as the basis,promotion of returning to oneself,and the internalization of responsibility.At the same time,it also pays attention to the orientation of others,emphasizing the priority of obligations to the group and the country,which embodies the distinctive social characteristics.The third is the combination of humanistic ethics and difference ethics.Confucian responsibility ethics demonstrates what Du Weiming calls Spiritual Humanism,with strong humanitarianism,but it also pays attention to the order of difference,which demonstrates the difference in the order of human relations.The fourth is the unity of responsibilities before and after.Confucian responsibility ethics includes not only the interpretation of pre-obligatory moral responsibility,but also many theories about retributive(reward and punishment)post-mortal responsibility.The fifth is the unity of mind ethics and normative ethics.Confucian ethics of responsibility is based on the long history of mind and nature,and is expressed and regulated by the normative ethics with Li as the core.Sixth is the simultaneous development of moral nature ethics and moral behavior ethics.If it is said that the internal virtue ethics expounded by Confucianism provides the main foundation for responsibility ethics,then the moral behavior ethics revealed by Confucianism is the external representation and important support of responsibility ethics.