论清雍乾之际黔东南苗疆的社会结构

On the Social Structure of Guizhou Miao Ethnic Region during the Yongzheng and Qianlong Periods in Qing Dynasty

由于史料阙如,学界历来对于清前期开辟的黔东南苗疆社会结构缺乏准确认知。《南征日记》中的口供、调查记录,一方面表明苗疆内部存在以牛皮箐为基准的不同空间和人群区分,另一方面则呈现在战时状态下以“苗王出世”的号召以及王、将、巴尚、老虎汉等称谓的阶序与组织形式。这些内容,较少见于清代官方档案,在一定程度上能够更全面地反映苗疆的社会结构,为理解清代黔东南苗疆社会的历史演进提供帮助。

For lack of historical materials,the academic circles have always lacked an accurate under⁃standing of the social structure of Guizhou Miao Ethnic Region in the early Qing Dynasty.The verbal confession and survey records in The Diary of the Southern Expedition(《南征日记》)show that on the one hand,there were different space and group divisions based on Niupiqing(牛皮箐);on the other hand,there were the ranks and organizational structure in wartime as manifested by the call of“the King of Miao was born”and the ranking titles such as Wang(王),Jiang(将),Bashang(巴尚)and Laohuhan(老虎汉).Such details,which are rarely seen in the official archives of Qing Dynasty,reflect the social structure of Miao Ethnic Region more comprehensively to a certain extent,and provide help for understanding the historical evolution of Miao Ethnic Region society in Guizhou in Qing Dynasty.