象山湾常见海洋生物体内微塑料的丰度、形态和成分组成研究

Abundance,Shape,and Chemical Composition of Microplastics within Ten Common Marine Species in Xiangshan Bay

海洋微塑料污染已成为全球性环境问题,生物体内微塑料污染水平是评估其生物效应的基础。本研究以象山湾为例,研究了10种常见海洋生物(贝类、头足类、甲壳类和鱼类)的消化道、鳃和肌肉等组织内微塑料污染状况。结果显示,微塑料广泛存在于各种生物的消化道和鳃等组织内,在61.0%的生物个体内共检出131个微塑料,平均丰度为(1.3±1.5)个/个体;其化学成分包括人造丝(RY;74.0%)、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET;14.5%)、聚丙烯(PP;3.8%)和聚酰胺(PA;3.1%)等9种类型。检出纤维状、碎片状和颗粒状3种形状的微塑料,分别占95.4%、3.1%和1.5%;所有检测物种中均出现人造丝和纤维状微塑料。微塑料粒径在110~4796μm之间,平均为(1246±1119)μm,以≤1000μm的微塑料占比最高(55.2%)。养殖设施产生的典型泡沫状微塑料或聚乙烯(PE)、聚丙烯和聚苯乙烯(PS)塑料类型在生物体内出现频率和丰度较少。研究结果可为深入认识近海生物体内微塑料污染特征及其生物效应提供科学依据。

Marine microplastic pollution has become a global environmental problem.Understanding the status of microplastic pollution in living organisms is fundamental for assessing the biological effects on ecosystems.This study investigates the microplastic pollution status in tissues(digestive tract,gill and muscle)of ten common species in Xiangshan Bay.The results show that microplastics are widely present in all ten species.A total of 131 microplastics were detected in 61.0%of the organisms,with an average abundance of(1.3±1.5)items/individual.A total of nine microplastic types were detected.The majority of the plastics were rayon(RY;74.0%),polyethylene terephthalate(PET;14.5%),polypropylene(PP;3.8%)and polyamide(PA;3.1%).Fiber,fragment,and granule microplastic shapes were detected,accounting for 95.4%,3.1%,and 1.5%of the total microplastics,respectively.Rayon and fiber were present in all species investigated.The size of the microplastics ranged from 110μm to 4796μm[mean value:(1246±1119)μm],with the size of≤1000μm accounting for 55.2%of the microplastics.PE,PP,and PS microplastics,as well as the typical foamed microplastics produced by breeding facilities,are detected less frequently and in a lower abundance in living organisms.Our findings provide the knowledge and data to improve our understanding of the status of microplastic pollution in marine organisms and assists in evaluating their biological effects in coastal ecosystems.