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人参属植物高温蒸制前后人参皂苷含量的变化和细胞毒活性研究 被引量:10

Variation of ginsenosides in raw and processed ginsengs(Panax sp.) and their cytotoxicities
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摘要 目的研究人参属植物人参Panax ginseng、三七P. notoginseng和西洋参P. quinquefolium高温蒸制前后主要人参皂苷的含量变化,并测定高温蒸制前后样品对4株肿瘤癌细胞的细胞毒活性。方法采用HPLC建立了测定22种皂苷含量的分析方法,测定这些皂苷在人参属植物及其高温蒸制品中的含量。用MTT法测定人参属植物及其高温蒸制品对4株人类癌细胞(人类骨髓癌HL-60细胞、肝癌SMMC-7721细胞、肺癌A-549细胞、乳腺癌SK-BR-3细胞)的细胞毒活性。结果从人参、三七和西洋参及高温蒸制后的样品中鉴定出22个皂苷,包括人参皂苷Rg1、Re、Rb1、Rc、Rb2、Rd、Rk3、Rh4、Rk1、Rg5、Rb3、Rh3、Rk2,20(S)-人参皂苷Rh1、20(R)-人参皂苷Rh1、三七皂苷Fc、三七皂苷R1、绞股蓝皂苷IX、20(S/R)-三七皂苷Ft1、20(S/R)-人参皂苷Rg3、人参皂苷Rs3、人参皂苷Rh2。人参皂苷Rg1、Re、Rb1、Rc、Rb2和Rd为人参的主要成分;人参皂苷Rg1、Re、Rb1和Rd为西洋参的主要成分;人参皂苷Rg1、Re、Rb1、Rd和三七皂苷R1为三七的主要成分,高温蒸制后这3种植物的主要成分全部转化为人参皂苷Rk3、Rh4、Rk1、Rg5和20(S/R)-人参皂苷Rg3,在高温蒸制后的三七中还检测到20(S)-人参皂苷Rh1和20(R)-人参皂苷Rh1。三七皂苷Fc、人参皂苷Rb3和绞股蓝皂苷IX为三七茎叶的主要成分,高温蒸制后转化为另外8个主要成分20(S/R)-三七皂苷Ft1,20(S/R)-人参皂苷Rg3、Rs3、Rk1、Rg5,20(S/R)-人参皂苷Rh2、Rh3和Rk2。细胞毒活性结果显示,高温蒸制三七的细胞毒活性比高温蒸制人参和高温蒸制西洋参强,高温蒸制三七的细胞毒活性比三七的活性强,说明高温蒸制后三七的细胞毒活性增强。结论人参、西洋参和三七经过高温蒸制后原来的主要成分基本消失,随之转化为其他主要成分,高温蒸制三七的细胞毒活性最强。 Objective To study the changes in the content of the major ginsenosides of the raw roots and the steaming processed ones of three Panax plants,e.g. Renshen(Panax ginseng),Sanqi(Panax notoginseng) and Xiyangshen(Panax notoginseng) and evaluate the cytotoxicities of raw roots and the steaming processed ones of three Panax plants against four cancer cell lines. Methods An HPLC method was established to qualify the amounts of 22 saponins. The amounts of these saponins in the raw roots and the steaming processed ones were quantified. The cytotoxicities of the raw roots and the steaming processed ones against four cancer cell lines(human myeloid leukemia HL-60,hepatocellular carcinoma SMMC-7721,lung cancer A-549,and breast cancer SK-BR-3 cell lines) were evaluated by MTT methods. Results From them,22 saponins,including ginsenosides Rg1,Re,Rb1,Rc,Rb2,Rd,Rk3,Rh4,Rk1,Rg5,Rb3,Rh3,Rk2,20(S)-and 20(R)-ginsenoside Rh1,notoginsenosides Fc and R1,gypenoside IX,20(S/R)-notoginsenoside Ft1,20(S/R)-ginsenosides Rg3,Rs3,and Rh2 were identified. Among them,ginsenosides Rg1,Re,Rb1,Rc,Rb2 and Rd,ginsenoside Rg1,Re,Rb1 and Rd,and ginsenoside Rg1,Re,Rb1,Rd and notoginsenosides R1 were found to be the major saponins in the raw roots of P. ginseng,P. quinquefolium,and P. notoginseng,respectively. However,after steaming process,they all changed to be ginsenosides Rk3,Rh4,Rk1,Rg5 and 20(S/R)-ginsenosides Rg3. In case of the steaming processed roots of P. notoginseng,two more ginsenosides,20(S)-ginsenoside Rh1 and 20(R)-ginsenoside Rh1 were also detected at the same time. Three saponins,notoginsenoside Fc,ginsenoside Rb3 and gypenoside IX were detected to be the major saponins in the leaves and stems of P. notoginseng,and after steaming process,most of them were changed to other eight saponins,20(S/R)-notoginsenosides Ft1,Rg3,and Rs3,ginsenosides Rk1,Rg5,and 20(S/R)-ginsenoside Rh2,Rh3,Rk2. It was noted that the processed P. notoginseng was more cytotoxic than processed P. ginseng and processed P. quinquefolium. The activity of cytotoxicities of the processed P. notoginseng was better than that of raw P. notoginseng. It means that after steaming process,P. notoginseng become more cytotoxic against four cancer cell lines. Conclusion The main ingredients of three Panax plants disappeared and transformed to others. The cytotoxicities of processed P. notoginseng were stronger than others.
作者 顾承真 曾碧雪 张钰佳 王东 张颖君 GU Cheng-zhen;ZENG Bi-xue;ZHANG Yu-jia;WANG Dong;ZHANG Ying-jun(College of Life Sciences,Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,Fuzhou 350001,China;State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China,Kunming Institute of Botany,Chinese Academy ofSciences,Kunming 650201,China)
出处 《中草药》 CAS CSCD 北大核心 2021年第11期3391-3397,共7页 Chinese Traditional and Herbal Drugs
基金 国家自然科学基金资助项目(31800332) 福建农林大学杰出青年科研人才计划项目(XJQ201922) 中国科学院昆明植物研究所植物化学与西部植物资源可持续利用国家重点实验室开放课题(P2018-KF13)。
关键词 人参 三七 西洋参 细胞毒活性 人参皂苷Rg1 人参皂苷RE 人参皂苷Rb1 人参皂苷Rc 人参皂苷Rb2 人参皂苷RD 20(S/R)-人参皂苷Rg3 20(S/R)-人参皂苷Rs3 20(S/R)-人参皂苷Rk1 20(S/R)-人参皂苷Rg5 绞股蓝皂苷IX Panax ginseng Meyer Panax notoginseng(Burk.)F.H.Chen Panax quinquefolium L. cytotoxicity ginsenosides Rg1 ginsenoside Re ginsenoside Rb1 ginsenoside Rc ginsenoside Rb2 ginsenoside Rd 20(S/R)-ginsenoside Rg3 20(S/R)-ginsenoside Rs3 20(S/R)-ginsenoside Rk1 20(S/R)-ginsenoside Rg5 gypenoside IX
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