摘要
The“Third Pole”usually refers to the Tibetan Plateau and surroundings as it is the largest glaciated zone on Earth after the Antarctic and Arctic[1].It is also one of the major hotspots in the world suffering from widespread and severe glacial lake outburst flood(GLOF)hazard[2,3].
青藏高原及其周边区域通常被称为地球“第三极”.它不仅是受全球气候变暖影响最显著的区域之一,同时也是全球冰湖溃决洪水(Glacial Lake Outburst Floods,GLOFs)灾害频发的地区之一.尽管之前已经有很多发生在第三极地区的GLOF事件被报道,但考虑到GLOFs通常发生在高海拔无人区以及一些小规模的GLOFs并没有对下游地区造成太大的破坏,可能仍然有一些已经发生的GLOF事件并没有被发现和报道.基于此假设,本文借助大量高分辨率的卫星影像和3个GLOF发生后遗留的典型地貌形态特征对整个第三极地区6万多个冰湖进行了全面和系统地检查,最终识别出176个之前没有被记录的GLOF源头,其中167个来自冰碛坝湖,9个来自基岩坝湖.这一数量是所有已报道GLOF源头数量(75个)的2倍多.综合这些新发现的和已报道的GLOF案例,本文总结出第三极地区GLOF高发的4个热点地区为:喜马拉雅、冈底斯山、念青唐古拉山和天山地区.这些新识别的GLOF案例将为未来的研究提供重要的基础,从而有助于更好地认识和理解第三极地区GLOF的发生机理及真实的发生频率.
作者
Guoxiong Zheng
Anming Bao
Simon Allen
Juan Antonio Ballesteros-Cánovas
Ye Yuan
Guli Jiapaer
Markus Stoffel
郑国雄;包安明;Simon Allen;Juan Antonio Ballesteros-Cánovas;袁野;古丽·加帕尔;Markus Stoffel(State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology,Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Urumqi 830011,China;Climatic Change Impacts and Risks in the Anthropocene,Institute for Environmental Sciences,University of Geneva,Geneva 1205,Switzerland;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Department of Geography,University of Zurich,Zurich 8057,Switzerland;Dendrolab.ch,Department of Earth Sciences,University of Geneva,Geneva 1205,Switzerland;Department of F.A.Forel for Environmental and Aquatic Sciences,University of Geneva,Geneva 1205,Switzerland)
基金
This work was supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA19030301,XDA20030101)
A special acknowledgment is to China-Pakistan Joint Research Center on Earth Sciences that supported the implementation of this study.Guoxiong Zheng thanks the China Scholarship Council for supporting his visit to the University of Geneva from February 2019 to February 2021(201804910569).
