汉语史视角下的《淮南子》校释新证——立足于西汉前期字形、词义和字词关系

New Proof of Collation and Interpretation of Huainanzi from the Perspective of Character, Word Meaning and Word Relationship in the Early Western Han Dynasty

《淮南子》中的部分校释问题存有争议或向无善解,而立足于西汉前期的汉语实际,常会有新的突破。部分校勘问题只有通过西汉前期的隶变字形才可以圆满地解释其形讹路径。在古籍校释中应进一步贯彻汉语史眼光,从西汉词义、字词关系的实际出发,才能更加理性地评价前人争议之是非,并得出更具说服力的新说。

Some of the problems of collation and interpretation in Huainanzi (《淮南子》) are controversial or have no good solutions.Based on the actual Chinese language in the early Western Han Dynasty,there are often new breakthroughs.Firstly,part of the collation problem can only be explained satisfactorily through the form of Libian (隶变) characters in the early Western Han Dynasty.For example:(1) It is most direct and credible that"德"character was wrongly formed into"位"due to its Zhangcao (章草) character ■.In the Tianwen chapter of Huainanzi,the"位"in"爵有位"is a mistake of"德".(2) In the Tianxia chapter of Huainanzi,"云臺"is a mistake of"云夢".In the Western Han Dynasty,"夢"can be written as ■,easily to be misidentified as"臺".According to the characteristics of the text configuration in different periods,it can be inferred that the occurrence of text errors was no later than the end of the Western Han Dynasty.Secondly,in the collation and interpretation of ancient books,we should further implement the perspectives on the history of Chinese language development,and proceed from the actual meaning and relationship of words in the Western Han Dynasty to rationally evaluate the disputes of the predecessors and draw more convincing new theories.For example:(1) In Zhushu chapter of Huainanzi,"害"is actually a mistake of"容",and in this sentence it should mean"set"."Set"is a very commonly used meaning of"容"in the Han Dynasty and before.(2) In Taizu chapter of Huainanzi,the"脩"should be a mistake of"循"."循"and"揗"are different glyph forms that represent"caress"in the Han Dynasty and before.